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Whether you’ve adopted the habit of singing “Happy Birthday” twice or have chosen a different song a la the memes that have overtaken social media, cold and flu season, coupled with the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has put handwashing and personal hygiene in the spotlight. And, when you consider the fact that a [2018 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) study](https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2018/06/28/study-shows-most-people-are-spreading-dangerous-bacteria-around) found that people fail to wash their hands “properly” 97 percent of the time, we're all in need of a refresher course.

## **How To Wash Your Hands**
So, what is the proper way to wash your hands? Good ol’ fashion soap and water is the best way to kill germs and prevent the spread of bacteria. Below are five steps required for an effective cleanse:

1. Wet your hands with clean, running water 
2. Apply soap and lather 
3. Rub your hands together vigorously for 20 seconds — remembering to scrub the fronts and backs of the hands, in between the fingers, and under the fingernails
4. Rinse thoroughly in clean, running water 
5. Dry with a clean towel or shake dry

While it is not a substitute for washing with soap and water, alcohol-based hand sanitizers can get the job done in a pinch. Be sure the formula contains at least 60 percent alcohol and apply the product to the palm of one hand (check the label for proper dosage). For best results, rub hands together — covering all the surface area you would while washing your hands — until they are dry. 

## **When to Wash Your Hands**
Now that you know how to wash, how often should you be sudsing up? At a minimum, the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends](https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html) washing your hands in the following situations: 

- Before, during, and after preparing food
- Before and after eating 
- Before and after caring for someone who is sick 
- Before and after treating a cut or wound
- After using the bathroom or changing a diaper
- After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
- After touching an animal, animal feed, or animal waste
- After touching garbage

Additionally, it doesn’t hurt to wash your hands any time you enter or exit a space, use public transportation, or get home from commuting. Wash your hands frequently throughout the work day, and, upon arriving home, you should always wash up and, if possible, change into clean clothes. 

Unless you have just finished a proper hand wash, **DO NOT** touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. When in doubt, follow the golden rule of dermatology and refrain from touching any part of your face. It’ll keep you from getting sick and will likely save you a pimple, too. 

## **How to Care For Over-Washed Hands**
If your daily handwashing quota has reached the dozens, you’re likely dealing with dry, irritated skin. Dry skin on your hands is not unlike dry skin on any other part of your body — it becomes scaly, red, tight, itchy, and dehydrated when the stratum corneum (i.e. the outer layer of the skin) is damaged. Washing your hands regularly with bacteria-fighting soaps and alcohol-based hand sanitizers draws moisture out of the skin and breaks down that protective barrier. 

But, all is not lost. There are some simple steps you can take to soften up the [hands, fingernails, and cuticles](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-damaged-dry-brittle-finger-nails-cuticles) that have dried out from over washing.

### **1. Wash With Lukewarm Water**
Much like Goldilocks, the water you use to wash your hands should not be too hot or too cold. Cool or lukewarm water will still kill germs and bacteria, while not being as harsh on the skin.

### **2. Use Gentle Soaps**
There is a reason the [CDC is advocating for increased handwashing](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fabout%2Fprevention-treatment.html) to help prevent illness and avoid the spread of coronavirus — it works. Washing your hands does not, however, require abrasive soaps. In September 2016, the [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ruled](https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-me-the-science-handwashing.html) that 19 ingredients found in so-called “antibacterial” soaps were no more effective than their non-antibacterial counterparts, which means there is no reason to not reach for a milder alternative. 

Our favorites? Gentle formulas like the [EO Hand Soap](https://www.eoproducts.com/collections/liquid-hand-soap), [Follain Refillable Everything Soap](https://follain.com/products/follain-refillable-hand-body-soap-pre-filled), [Jergens Extra Moisturizing Liquid Hand Wash](https://www.walgreens.com/store/c/jergens-extra-moisturizing-hand-wash-refill-cherry-almond/ID=prod6152706-product), and [Method Gel Hand Wash](https://methodhome.com/product-category/hand/).

### **3. Pat Dry**
While you should be scrubbing your soapy hands together during the washing process, you don’t need to rub them dry. Allow your hands to air dry or lightly pat them with a clean towel to avoid further damage to the skin. Another tip: skip hand dryers, as the hot air can have a similarly irritating effect. 

### **4. Moisturize Immediately After Washing**
You’ve probably seen personal care brands selling ‘wet skin’ lotions, but it’s more than just a marketing tactic. Applying hydrating oils and creams to damp skin will help prevent additional water loss and lock in moisture, and the same is true of creaming your hands after washing. 

But for those who would rather deal with reptilian skin than greasy digits, there are hand creams that deliver all the hydrating benefits you need without rendering them useless oil slicks. Our favorites for everyday use include: 

- [Aveda Hand Relief](https://www.aveda.com/product/17759/16410/body/hand-care/hand-relief-moisturizing-creme#/shade/4.2_fl_oz%2F125_ml): The botanical-infused formula feels rich by absorbs instantly for smoother, softer skin.
- [Deborah Lippmann Rich Girl Hand Cream](https://www.sephora.com/product/rich-girl-broad-spectrum-spf-25-h-cream-P381213): In addition to enjoying the skin-smoothing benefits of shea butter, avocado, and jojoba oil, this lightweight formula boasts a broad-spectrum SPF 25.
- [Fountain of Truth Youth In Hand Cream](https://fountainoftruthbeauty.com/products/youth-in-hand-cream): The brand's triple emulsion technology allows the cream's emollient-rich blend of shea butter, honey, jojoba, and coconut and macadamia oils to repair the skin barrier without sticky or greasy residue.
- [Supergoop Handscreen SPF 40](https://supergoop.com/products/forever-young-hand-cream-with-sea-buckthorn-sunscreen): Sea buckthorn fruit extract, meadowfoam seed oil, and argan oil are just a few of the hydrating ingredients in this fast-absorbing lotion that includes a reef-safe, broad-spectrum SPF 40.

### **5. Layer Up At Night**
It’s understandable that you don’t want to deal with greasy hands during the day, but all bets are off after hours. Skin naturally regenerates overnight, and slathering your hands (and body!) with nourishing ingredients can help to repair some of the damage inflicted by overwashing during the day. Our go-tos include creams with rich textures and multi-purpose balms that yield smoother skin by morning:

- [Ahava Mineral Hand Cream](https://www.ulta.com/mineral-hand-cream?productId=xlsImpprod3230239): Aloe vera soothes, while allantoin and witch hazel smooth and heal dry, cracked skin in this creamy formula.
- [Egyptian Magic All Purpose Skin Cream](https://www.amazon.com/Egyptian-Magic-Purpose-Stretch-Ingredients/dp/B01LRMM39U?th=1): As the name implies, the natural balm (packed with olive oil, honey, beeswax, and more) is a multitasking wonder that treats chapped cuticles, dry patches, and irritated skin with gentle ease. We like to layer it on top of our hand cream for added hydration.
- [Kiehl's Ultimate Strength Hand Salve](https://www.kiehls.com/body/hand-creams-and-treatments/ultimate-strength-hand-salve/522.html): This thick, emollient formula repairs and conditions hands thanks to nourishing avocado oil, softening sesame seed oil, and moisturizing olive oil wax.
- [Skinfix Eczema Hand Repair Cream](https://skinfix.com/collections/eczema/products/hand-repair-cream): Formulated specifically for eczema-prone skin, soothing colloidal oatmeal, beeswax, and shea butter restore the damaged skin barrier and reduce redness, itching, and stinging. 
- [Weleda Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Cream](https://www.ulta.com/skin-food-original-ultra-rich-cream?productId=pimprod2005673): A favorite for dry, rough skin on the face, elbows, hands, and feet, this cult-favorite features calendula, chamomile, beeswax, lanolin, and more for smoother, hydrated skin.

## **The Takeaway**
If you take one thing from this article, let it be this: you should be washing your hands all throughout the day, everyday with soap and water to help prevent the spread of germs. But the practice doesn’t have to wreak havoc on your skin. Washing with gentle formulas in lukewarm water and patting (not rubbing!) dry will help to protect your skin barrier, while applying nourishing hand creams can restore moisture to your dry, dull digits.

AEDITION minimalists-min

Wellness Collection | The AEDITION

Wellness

If your daily handwashing quota has reached the dozens, you’re likely dealing with dry, irritated hands. Here are five ways to soften your skin without sacrificing safety.

How To Wash Your Hands And Moisturizers For Dry, Irritated Skin

5 Ways To Care For Over-Washed Hands

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Here’s a sobering statistic: [The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports](https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis#:~:text=What%20do%20we%20know%20about,for%20chronic%20pain%20misuse%20them.&text=Between%208%20and%2012%20percent%20develop%20an%20opioid%20use%20disorder.&text=An%20estimated%204%20to%206,prescription%20opioids%20transition%20to%20heroin.) that roughly 21 to 29 percent of patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain misuse them. Between 8 and 12 percent of those patients go on to develop an opioid-use disorder. From there, an estimated 4 to 6 percent of people who misuse prescription opioids transition to heroin. 

It goes without saying that pain management is part of the post-procedure recovery process in aesthetic medicine, but many plastic surgery practices have been taking precautions and adjusting their approach to recovery in recent years as the opioid epidemic grows in the United States. “It's a cunning, baffling, powerful disease and it can happen to anyone,” says New York City-based dermatologist [Cheryl Karcher, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/cheryl-karcher-md-4323), who is [open about her own battle with addiction](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/24/fashion/cheryl-karcher-comeback-pill-popping-dermatologist.html) several years ago. “I am much more on the lookout now.”

Because it can be difficult to identify who will become addicted and who won’t, providers — especially those in the already scrutinized fields of cosmetic and plastic surgery — have  learned to take special care. 

“Plastic surgery has never been more prevalent, more revered, and, at the same time, more scrutinized,” says board certified plastic surgeon, [Ryan Neinstein, MD](https://neinsteinplasticsurgery.com/), of Neinstein Plastic Surgery in Manhattan. There are countless media stories of poor plastic surgery outcomes, he explains, and these are typically instances of procedures being performed by unqualified physicians in substandard facilities. “However, day in day out, plastic surgeons around the country are making surgery safer, faster, and more predictable,” he says. 

Here, three experts share the precautions they’ve taken against opioid abuse in their own practices and how they’ve adjusted their approaches to the plastic surgery recovery process in recent years. 

## **The Importance of Preoperative Counseling**
Dr. Karcher says that she now asks a lot more questions about personal and family history of addiction when she meets with her patients. She routinely recommends Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Tylenol with ibuprofen (like Advil) for pain. New York City-based board certified facial plastic surgeon [Jennifer Levine, MD](https://drjenniferlevine.com/), agrees that preoperative counseling is vital and lets her patients know that they may be uncomfortable, but the surgery is not especially painful. “Pain medication is available if they need it, but most patients do not require it,” she says. “Opiates are rarely necessary in my practice.”

## **Prescribing in Smaller Quantities**
Dr. Karcher says that if the aforementioned Tylenol is not enough or if she knows a patient will really need pain medication to get to the point where they can recover properly, a few pain pills will be prescribed. That said, the tight leash on these dangerous drugs can lead to those who need pain management not getting the medication they need. “I do, unfortunately, see patients that have needed opiates for other medical or surgical issues and were not given them,” she says. “I do think opiates have a place in very short-term pain management.” 

## **Responsible Discarding**
For Dr. Levine, most of her procedures are above the neck and, as such, most of her patients do not require opioids. “I use a local anesthetic during the surgery and some longer-acting local anesthetics for longer procedures such as facelifts,” she says. The majority of her patients only take acetaminophen after the surgery. “I do give all my patients a small supply of a pain medication such as Vicodin (hydrocodone/acetaminophen),” she says, adding that she “rarely” prescribes anything stronger. “Many of my patients come in after the surgery with the bottle of unused pain medication and ask me to discard it for them.”

## **The Next Generation of Pain Management**
One of the advances Dr. Neinstein has made to his practice is the use of a medication borrowed from the trauma world called tranexamic acid. The clotting promoter is used to treat heavy menstrual periods in women, and this low-cost drug can be added to the intravenous liquid given to a patient during surgery to aid the post-op recovery process. “This medication has quickly shown to safely contribute to minimizing blood loss,” he says. “Even in plastic surgery — where there is minimal blood loss — by reducing it even more we can further minimize the downtime and physiological change to our patients’ bodies.”

AEDITION rejuvenators-min

Medical Aesthetics Collection | The AEDITION

Aesthetics

Three experts share the precautions they’ve taken against opioid abuse in their own practices and how they’ve adjusted their approaches to the plastic surgery recovery process in recent years.

The Future Of Opioid Use In Plastic Surgery

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According to the [American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS)](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/americans-spent-more-than-16-billion-on-cosmetic-plastic-surgery-in-2018), Americans spent some $16.5 million on cosmetic surgery and minimally invasive procedures in 2018 alone, and it is safe to say a good portion of that figure was an out-of-pocket expenditure for patients. With national cost averages ranging from $3,800 for a breast augmentation to upwards of $8,000 for a facelift, cosmetic surgery is no small expense and most treatments (surgical or otherwise) are not covered by health insurance.

That's not to say there aren’t exceptions to the rule. While elective procedures that are purely cosmetic in nature will always operate (pun intended) outside the realm of insurance companies, plastic surgery procedures that can be classified as 'medically necessary' are often part of insurance policies.

So, what makes an invasive or non-invasive procedure medically necessary and, therefore, covered by a health insurance plan? The AEDITION breaks it down.

## **What Makes a Procedure 'Medically Necessary'**
In June 1989, the [American Medical Association (AMA)](https://www.ama-assn.org/) adopted the following definitions of ‘cosmetic surgery’ and ‘reconstructive surgery’ that are used by health insurance companies to determine coverage.

- **Cosmetic Surgery**: Performed to reshape normal structures of the body in order to improve the patient’s appearance and self-esteem. 
- **Reconstructive Surgery**: Performed on abnormal structures of the body, caused by congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors, or disease.

In theory, the definitions are black and white: cosmetic procedures are not medically necessary; plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures are. In reality, there is quite a bit of gray area. Many procedures have a dual purpose that treats both an aesthetic concern *and* a functional health problem. If the provider can document the medically necessary component of the procedure and any non-surgical remediation that was previously taken to correct the health issue, Medicare or private insurance may very well cover the cost.

## **What Procedures May Be Covered By Insurance**
In order to successfully document the medical necessity of a procedure, providers must prove the surgery the patient is interested in directly addresses the quality of life concern(s) surrounding the body part or health problem in question. This process involves: 

1. Submitting photographic evidence (not just a written explanation) to the insurance company
2. Proving non-surgical or non-procedure remedies have already been explored 

While the exact standards may vary by insurance company, the [ASPS offers a recommended criteria](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/for-medical-professionals/health-policy/recommended-insurance-coverage-criteria) for distinguishing between a cosmetic surgery procedure and a plastic or reconstructive surgery that providers can use when explaining treatments that have a dual aesthetic and functional purpose. But what does that mean in layman's terms? Below is a guide to surgical and non-surgical procedures that sometimes qualify for insurance coverage. 

### **Abdominoplasty (a.k.a Tummy Tuck) & Panniculectomy** 
Weight loss procedures (think: gastric sleeves, lap gastric bands, and gastric bypass) are often covered by insurance for patients who have a high body mass index (BMI) coupled with comorbidities like heart disease or type 2 diabetes. In the [aftermath of a major weight loss](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-get-plastic-surgery-after-bariatric-surgery-weight-loss), there are a few cosmetic surgeries that may be considered functional procedures in order to improve a patient's quality of life:

- **Abdominoplasty**: A tummy tuck typically combines fat removal (i.e. liposuction) with skin removal and/or tightening, which may be required by patients in the aftermath of losing a significant amount of weight.
- **Panniculectomy**: The surgical procedure removes excess skin on patients who have lost a significant amount of weight (naturally or via a bariatric procedure).

While insurance coverage of a panniculectomy or [tummy tuck](https://aedit.com/procedure/abdominoplasty) is not as common as weight loss surgery, they may be deemed medically necessary if a patient is in pain, unable to participate in normal activities, or at risk of developing a skin condition.

### **Blepharoplasty (a.k.a. Eyelid Surgery)**
Aging eyelids don't just cause cosmetic concerns, drooping eyelids have the ability to impair vision. For patients who are dealing with poor eyesight as a result of sagging skin around the eyes, an [upper eyelid blepharoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/upper-eyelid-blepharoplasty) may be deemed medically necessary to correct the problem. During the surgery, a plastic or oculoplastic surgeon will remove excess skin to lift and open the eye. While many insurance policies will cover the functional component of the surgery, additional cosmetic improvements may need to be paid for out of pocket. It should also be noted that [lower eyelid blepharoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/lower-eyelid-blepharoplasty-transconjunctival-approach) is more difficult to classify as a functional procedure.

### **Botox®** 
No, [neurotoxin injections](https://aedit.com/aedition/comparing-neurotoxin-botulinum-type-a-injections-botox-dysport-jeuveau-xeomin) to get rid of fine lines and wrinkles are not going to be covered by your insurance company, but there are therapeutic uses for Botox® that may be. In 2010, Botox® was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic migraine in patients over the age of 18. When injected around the pain fibers that are involved in headaches, Botox® blocks the release of chemicals involved in pain transmission. The FDA-recommended dosage is 155 units (administered every 10 to 12 weeks) for migraine patients, and the treatment is covered by most insurance plans (including Medicare and Medicaid).

### **Breast Surgery**
As you can probably guess, a [breast augmentation](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-augmentation-with-implants) to cosmetically enhance the size or shape of the chest isn't going to be covered by health insurance plans, but certain kinds of breast surgery can be considered medically necessary:

- **Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction**: As per the [1998 Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act (WHCRA)](https://www.cancer.org/treatment/finding-and-paying-for-treatment/understanding-health-insurance/health-insurance-laws/womens-health-and-cancer-rights-act.html), group health plans that cover mastectomy (be it for breast cancer prevention or treatment) must also cover [breast reconstruction](https://aedit.com/aedition/comprehensive-guide-to-breast-reconstruction-nipple-reconstruction-after-breast-cancer) — in the form of prostheses (like breast implants) — and other procedures for both breasts. In such cases, providers do not need to document health problems or trials of alternative treatment. Medicare also covers bilateral breast reconstruction in post-mastectomy patients.
- **Reduction Mammoplasty (a.k.a. Breast Reduction)**: Women with symptomatic macromastia (large breasts) may deal with neck, nerve, shoulder, and back pain, breast discomfort, an inability to engage in certain activities, and/or dermatitis or rashes beneath the breasts secondary to the condition. In such cases, a [breast reduction surgery](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-reduction) may be covered by insurance after six to 12 months (on average) of documentation is presented to show alternative treatments (think: visits to a physical therapist, chiropractor, or orthopedist) were unsuccessful.

It should be noted that [gynecomastia surgery](https://aedit.com/procedure/male-breast-reduction) (a.k.a. male breast reduction) is much more difficult to classify as a functional procedure than reduction mammoplasty for women — though the ASPS has compiled a [set of guidelines](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/Documents/Health-Policy/Positions/Gynecomastia_ICC.pdf) that encompasses pain and discomfort, suspected malignancy, and more and can be used for evaluating insurance coverage for both adolescents and adults.

### **Otoplasty (a.k.a. Ear Surgery)**
Otoplasty can be used to improve or correct the shape, proportion, and/or position of the ear. Such surgical procedures are performed in children and adults alike, and an [ear surgery](https://aedit.com/procedure/otoplasty) may be covered by health insurance if a provider is able to provide one of the following:

1. Document a medical problem (like hearing loss) caused by abnormal shaped ears
2. Document that the ear deformity is from a congenital abnormality

Unlike other procedures that require doctors also show the patient participated in a trial of alternative treatments, patients with a congenital abnormality of the ear do not need to first experiment with non-surgical remedies. 

### **Rhinoplasty (a.k.a Nose Job)**
Just as you probably have a friend who 'wanted' a nose job, you likely know someone who 'needed' a rhinoplasty. Difficulty breathing, nose bleeds, and sinus problems are just a few of the [health concerns that can lead a patient to need nose surgery](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-cosmetic-rhinoplasty-vs-functional-rhinoplasty). After proving that non-invasive alternatives (like nasal spray) are ineffective, insurance may cover some or all of the procedure.

Medically speaking, the surgical procedure that corrects a deviated septum (one common cause of breathing issues) is known as a septoplasty and only addresses the inner workings of the nose. This procedure, which is almost always covered by insurance, has no bearing on the appearance of the nose. In some cases, a rhinoplasty that improves the shape or aesthetic of the external nose structure can be deemed medically necessary. Otherwise, patients who wish to make cosmetic changes (in addition to the functional improvements) may need to pay for that portion out of pocket.

## **The Takeaway**
Needless to say, there are many subtle intricacies that determine whether a procedure is deemed ‘cosmetic’ or ‘plastic and reconstructive.’ That distinction, however, plays a direct role in why it may or may not be covered by insurance. Consulting with a [board certified plastic surgeon](https://aedit.com/aedition/medical-board-certification-in-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-dermatology) will provide clarity on whether your preferred surgical procedure could qualify for insurance coverage in accordance with your health plan.

Americans spent more than $16.5 billion on cosmetic procedures in 2018 with most patients paying out of pocket. But some plastic surgery is, in fact, covered by health insurance. Here, The AEDITION breaks down the ins and outs of coverage.

Is A Cosmetic Procedure Ever Covered By Insurance?

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In the spirit of Women's History Month and International Women's Day, we’re here to demystify the representation of women (or lack thereof) in plastic surgery.

It’s no secret that there are far fewer women than men in the field. A 2017 study from the [Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/women-underrepresented-in-plastic-surgery) found the female-to-male ratio of surgeons practicing plastic surgery is approximately one to five. The gap is smaller than other surgical specialities, but it is still surprising given that the [American Society of Plastic Surgeon (ASPS) reports](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2018/cosmetic-procedures-women-2018.pdf) women received 92 percent of the cosmetic procedures performed in 2018. 

Here, four top female plastic surgeons discuss their career progression and experience as women in aesthetic medicine. From family planning to finding mentors, they lay out the factors they believe contribute to the lack of gender diversity in the field.

## **Number of Women in Medicine vs. Plastic Surgery**
New York City-based board certified plastic surgeon [Nina Naidu, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/nina-naidu-md-99), attended Cornell University for medical school and graduated in 1997. “We were completely 50:50 — so 50 percent women — and we were one of the first classes to be evenly split,” she explains. In residency, however, Dr. Naidu was the only woman in her plastic surgery program. “When I did general surgery, there was one other woman out of eight,” Dr. Naidu remembers of her dual general and plastic surgery residency. “In plastic surgery, there were no women except for me in a group of six.”

For double board certified facial plastic surgeon [Dara Liotta, MD](https://www.facialplasticsnyc.com/), her medical school breakdown at Columbia University was over 50 percent percent women. When it came to residency, a much lower percentage of women chose to go into surgery or surgical subspecialties, like plastic and reconstructive surgery. “I completed a five-year residency in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, which was nearly 50 percent female and then an advanced fellowship in facial plastics and reconstruction,” she shares. “In both residency and fellowship, the overwhelming majority of our teachers and attending surgeons were men.” Dr. Liotta said there were only four female attendings and over 30 male attendings during her residency and fellowship. 

During her time at New York University School of Medicine, double board certified plastic surgeon [Melissa Doft, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/melissa-doft-md-63), recalls an even proportion of women and men in her class. By the time she got to her surgical residency, however, the ratio of women to men was two to five. That split, she says, was actually pretty diverse compared to other programs. “Now the plastic surgery residency has one woman in a group of 13, so the ratio is one to 12,” she shares.

At Cornell Medical College, double board certified facial plastic surgeon [Jennifer Levine, MD](https://drjenniferlevine.com/) had a similar experience. In her class of 100 people, the ratio of male to female students was 55 to 45. “It was not until I started my surgical residency that I was the only woman out of 20 students,” she recalls, adding that she was surprised by the disparity. “I did not realize that there would be so few women, as I had not experienced that before,” she says. 

## **Choice Between Motherhood & Plastic Surgery**
One key reason many women choose not specialize in plastic surgery? The number of years the training involves. Not only does surgical residency usually last until residents are 32 or 33 (at the youngest), there is no real maternity leave involved. 

“Residency occurs during the prime time that women are having children and starting a family.  The work hours are grueling, expectations very high, and commitment paramount,” Dr. Doft says. “Unlike other residencies, like pediatrics or obstetrics, where there are many women, surgical residencies are not used to having women out for maternity leave and do not encourage it.”

While it varies by program, most offer four weeks of ‘medical leave’ (hardly enough for an actual maternity leave), and it can be extended by an additional two weeks using vacation time. Missing more than six weeks, however, will likely preclude residents from finishing the program on schedule. “If you try to take more time off, you might not be able to graduate on time,” Dr. Naidu says. “You might have to put extra time in, so that's a huge issue.”  

Something else to consider? The lack of services available to new moms once they return to work. In addition to the grueling schedule of raising an infant while on-call and sleep deprived, finding a place to pump for women who choose to breastfeed may prove difficult. “There's a huge host of problems, so I think a lot of women look at that and think, ‘Wow this is just not compatible with having a regular life,’” Dr. Naidu says. “That's one reason there aren't that many women plastic surgeons.” 

Yes, having children as a female plastic surgeon is difficult, but Dr. Liotta says there is rarely a convenient time for anyone to have kids. “Just have them and the world around you will adapt,” she says, adding that you’re not going to be able to be everything to everyone. “If you truly want to be a surgeon, and you can’t be happy doing anything else — you know who you are! — then say ‘F that’ and do it,” she advises. She recommends reaching out to other women for advice and support. 

Additionally, Dr. Levine says small (but necessary) changes have been made to residency programs that allow for more of a work-life balance. “One week I was in the hospital 130 hours,” she recalls. Now, there are stricter rules regarding how many hours doctors can be at the hospital, and they are allowed to leave the hospital when they are post-call, she shares.  

## **A Lack of Mentors for Women**
In the generation ahead of Dr. Liotta, there were hardly any women specializing in plastic and reconstructive surgery despite the overwhelming majority of patients being female. “Perhaps this made it difficult for young women going through training to see a place for themselves in the field without obvious female mentors who had ‘been there and done that’ successfully in terms of navigating the predominantly male surgical culture and managing to balance work with family and outside life,” Dr. Liotta says. “Surgical residency and fellowship is very taxing, both emotionally and physically. For anyone — male, female, ethnic minority, ethnic majority — it is difficult to endure without seeing yourself in your mentors and having like-peers to confide and commiserate with.”

Dr. Naidu agrees, crediting her own mentor, [Mia Talmor, MD](https://weillcornell.org/miatalmor), for her success. “Having a same-sex mentor has been shown to be extremely helpful for women plastic surgeons and for medical students who are considering going to the field,” she says. Dr. Talmor was the first female plastic surgeon appointed to the full-time faculty of Cornell University’s Weill Medical College in New York and was four years ahead of Dr. Naidu in school. “She is a very tough woman. She stands up for herself,” Dr. Naidu says, adding that Dr. Talmor is also extremely approachable. 

Dr. Naidu connected with her when she was a first-year medical student, and the relationship continued from there. “I had that benefit that I had this role model way before I even applied for residency,” Dr. Naidu explains. “It was just something that was already there for me, and I think that made a huge difference for me.”

In general, some women may have been reluctant to go into these types of training programs because of the ‘boys club’ mentality, Dr. Levine says. But she thinks that perception is changing. “Women are no longer the only primary caregiver, and they may be the main breadwinner,” she says, adding that female patients are increasingly looking for a woman's perspective. “Whereas traditionally some women felt the need for male approval or a male voice, today’s women want to hear from someone like them and someone who understands and listens,” Dr. Levine explains.

## **Diversity in Plastic Surgery**
The lack of diversity in plastic surgery isn’t just gender based. While a [2020 ASPS study](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/press-releases/more-women-are-training-to-be-plastic-surgeons-but-racial-and-ethnic-representation-still-lags-behind) showed there is a growing number of women entering plastic surgery residency programs, there is still a gender *and* ethnic disparity in the industry. “We treat the whole spectrum of patients, so there needs to be more diversity,” Dr. Naidu says. “We're still really ethnically underrepresented.” 

Dr. Naidu is of South Asian descent, and, when she was in residency, she didn't know a single other South Asian plastic surgeon. “I didn't even see any until almost 10 years after I finished my training,” she says (yes, that’s male *or* female surgeons that were South Asian). “I didn't really see any ethnic diversity, until a good seven or eight years ago.” She notes that it's still not diverse per se, but it is starting to shift. “I notice it when I look around our conference room when I go to our monthly meeting for the hospital,” she says.

Dr. Levine notes that plastic surgery is only getting more popular and the patient population is increasingly diverse, but that is not necessarily reflected in the medical community. “In a patient population that is 90 percent women, only 10 percent of the surgeons are women,” Dr. Levine points out. “I personally try to change the ratio by mentoring other women through my medical school, my college, and other organizations such as [Girls Inc](https://girlsinc.org/) and [E-School for Girls](https://eschool4girls.org/).” 

Providers should be able to show patients the breadth and diversity of their work, Dr. Doft adds. “Being based in Manhattan, I have the privilege to treat many different cultures. I think it is less important that patients see themselves in the provider and more that they see that the provider has treated other patients like themselves,” she shares. “For example, I am careful to select an array of different before-and-after photos, so that patients can find a patient who looks like them with regard to weight, proportions, and ethnicity.”
 
## **Advice to Aspiring Female Plastic Surgeons** 
First and foremost, Dr. Levine says to do what you love. “I think women today are more committed to lifting up other women and have less of the ‘I suffered so you can suffer too’ mentality,” she shares. In the last decade, Dr. Levine has noticed that “an increase in outspoken, talented, and feisty young women surgeons in conventional and social media have emerged as mentors for those who follow them.” That exposure will have a positive effect both immediately and long term. “I think that is being reflected in increasing numbers of women becoming plastic surgeons,” she says. 

Dr. Doft encourages aspiring surgeons to focus on the life-changing impact cosmetic, plastic, and reconstructive work has on patients. “Every day I think that I am so lucky to have this job,” she says. “I have the opportunity to erase aspects of their bodies that women are self-conscious  about and help them become more confident — and it only takes a few hours.” 

While the progress has been slow, Dr. Naidu admits the profession has changed quite a bit over the years. When she completed her training 17 years ago and was just starting out, she was one of the few women in the space and was the only minority woman. “Now, there are a lot more women in the room,” she says. “It's more ethnically diverse as well, so it's really been a good shift.” Dr. Liotta is hopeful, too. “The road is long, and it’s definitely not the easy way,” she says. “But you can do it.” 

AEDITION for men-min

Expert Opinion Collection | The AEDITION

Expert Opinion

Women make up the majority of cosmetic surgery patients. So, why don't more women become surgeons? Four female plastic surgeons lay out the factors they feel are contributing to the lack of gender diversity in the field.

Why There Is A Lack Of Gender Diversity And Female Plastic Surgeons In Aesthetic Medicine

Why Don't More Women Become Plastic Surgeons?

shutterstock 1371318746 (1)

We live in a culture driven by instant gratification. But, when it comes to recovering from a cosmetic or plastic surgery procedure, patience is a virtue. From the immediate downtime to the larger recovery process that can span weeks or months, the path to realizing the final results of your treatment can be a lengthy one. Recovery time encompasses everything from when you get drains, sutures, or splints removed to how long it takes for incision site marks to fade.

Speaking of scars, plastic surgeons are experts at closing wounds and most cosmetic and plastic surgery incisions are made to be as discreet as possible. Even so, incision sites take time to heal, and patients can expect those marks to fade over the course of a year. In that 12-month period, the scar will contract, remodel, and fade. If a patient is unhappy with the appearance of the incision mark at that point, a [scar revision procedure](https://aedit.com/aedition/minimizing-scars-after-surgery) might be an option. To ensure optimal healing, patients should apply sunscreen to their scars daily (rain or shine!). Topical vitamin E and scar gels may provide additional relief, but nothing replaces sunscreen.

While every patient and surgical procedure is different, there are some general timelines you can expect your cosmetic surgery recovery to follow. Here, The AEDITION breaks down the healing process of some of the most popular cosmetic procedures.

## **For Face**
*Whether you are interested in a cosmetic procedure or plastic surgery, surgical facial procedures like rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, and facelifts take anywhere from six to 12 months for full results to be realized.*

### **Blepharoplasty (a.k.a. Eyelid Surgery)**
Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that improves the appearance of the eyelids by removing excess skin or fat deposits. Both [upper](https://aedit.com/procedure/upper-eyelid-blepharoplasty) and [lower](https://aedit.com/procedure/lower-eyelid-blepharoplasty-transconjunctival-approach) eyelid surgeries are available, and they may be classified as either a plastic and reconstructive procedure or aesthetic surgery depending on the reason for the procedure. 

- **Bruising & Swelling**: Subsides 7 to 10 days post-op
- **Return to Work**: 1 week post-op (eyes may be tired or more prone to strain)
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 4 weeks post-op 
- **Final Results**: 3 to 6 months post-op

### **Browplasty (a.k.a. Brow Lift)**
Known as a [browplasty, brow lift, or forehead lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/endoscopic-brow-lift), the surgery involves raising the eyebrows to a more youthful position to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, sagging skin, and hooded eyelids.

- **Remove Sutures**: 7 to 10 days post-op
- **Return to Work**: 7 to 10 days post-op
- **Bruising & Swelling**: Subsides 10 to 14 days post-op
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 2 to 4 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 3 to 6 months post-op 

### **Rhinoplasty (a.k.a. Nose Job)**
Nose jobs can be 'functional' (i.e. medically necessary) or 'cosmetic' (read: elective), but both types of [rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/open-rhinoplasty) procedures require patients to be patient during the healing process.

- **Bruising & Swelling**: Subsides 10 to 14 days post-op; residual swelling for up to one year
- **Remove Splint**: 5 to 7 days post-op
- **Return to Work**: 1 week post-op
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 3 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 1 year post-op

### **Rhytidectomy (a.k.a. Facelift)** 
The gold standard of facial rejuvenation, a [facelift](https://aedit.com/procedure/smas-facelift) surgery has the ability to treat facial sagging and volume loss by lifting and firming the face. 

- **Bruising & Swelling**: Peaks 48 hours post-op; subsides over 10 to 14 days
- **Resume Wearing Makeup**: 1 week post-op
- **Remove Sutures**: 7 to 10 days post-op
- **Return to Work**: 7 to 10 days post-op
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 2 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 3 to 6 months post-op

### **Lower Rhytidectomy (a.k.a. Neck Lift)**
During a [neck lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/direct-neck-lift) procedure, incisions are made along the hairline and ear to remove excess skin and fat. A lower rhytidectomy yields a more defined neck and jawline, in addition to removing jowls. 

- **Remove Drains**: 2 days post-op
- **Remove Sutures**: 5 to 10 days post-op
- **Bruising & Swelling**: Subsides within 10 to 14 days; residual swelling for 3 months
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 2 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 6 months post-op

## **For Hair**
*Despite the advent of [non-surgical hair restoration treatments](https://aedit.com/aedition/kourtney-kardashian-prp-injections-to-treat-hair-loss), surgical hair transplants remain the go-to for patients looking to correct baldness and hair thinning. While initial results will be seen in the first four to five months, 12 to 18 months may be needed for full recovery.*

### **Hair Transplants**
The two main types of surgical hair transplants are the [follicular unit extraction (FUE)](https://aedit.com/procedure/follicular-unit-extraction-fue) technique and the [follicular unit transplant (FUT)](https://aedit.com/procedure/strip-harvesting) method. The former involves transplanting individual hair follicles, while the latter extracts a strip of hair. Both types of procedures have a similar recovery period.

- **Swelling & Tenderness**: Subsides 5 to 7 days post-op
- **Resume Wearing Hat**: 10 to 14 days post-op
- **Transplanted Hair Sheds**: 2 to 3 weeks post-op
- **Initial Results**: 4 to 5 months post-op
- **Final Results**: 12 to 18 months post-op

## **For Body**
*From breast surgery (think: augmentation, reduction, and lift) to tummy tucks, there are an array of surgical body contouring procedures that, after the initial downtime and recovery process, provide long lasting results.*

### **Abdominoplasty (a.k.a. Tummy Tuck)** 
Whether it's performed alone or as part of a larger mommy makeover, body lift, or post-weight loss procedure, a [tummy tuck](https://aedit.com/procedure/abdominoplasty) removes excess skin and excess fat, in addition to restoring muscle definition, for a more contoured abdomen.

- **Remove Drains**: 1 week post-op
- **Return to Work**: 2 to 4 weeks post-op
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 2 to 4 weeks post-op
- **Wear Compression Garments**: 6 to 8 weeks post-op
- **Bruising & Swelling**: Subsides 2 to 3 months post-op; residual swelling for up to 18 months
- **Final Results**: 4 to 6 months post-op

### **Augmentation Mammaplasty (a.k.a. Breast Augmentation)**
Breast augmentation can involve [breast implants](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-augmentation-with-implants), autologous fat transfers, or a [hybrid](https://aedit.com/aedition/hybrid-breast-augmentation-with-implants-fat-transfer) of the two. In the case of implant and hybrid procedures, a secondary surgery will be needed to replace the implants after eight to 10 years. Patients who choose an autologous fat transfer can expect to lose 30 to 40 percent of the volume to reabsorption. Nonetheless, patients can expect similar recovery times for each type.

- **Return to Work**: 3 to 5 days post-op
- **Bruising & Swelling**: Peaks at 24 to 48 hours post-op; subsides over 2 to 3 months 
- **Resume Exercise**: 3 to 6 weeks post-op
- **Resume Wearing Underwire Bra**: 4 to 6 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 3 to 6 months post-op

### **Brazilian Butt Lift**
Like an breast augmentation with fat transfer, a [butt lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/butt-lift) involves transferring fat from one part of the body to the buttocks for improved shape and contour. Generally speaking, 60 to 80 percent of fat transfer typically survives.

- **Return to Work**: 10 to 14 days post-op
- **Resume Sitting & Laying on Buttocks**: 2 weeks post-op
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 8 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 6 months post-op

### **Liposuction**
[Liposuction](https://aedit.com/procedure/tumescent-liposuction) is typically performed as part of a larger surgery (think: a tummy tuck) or to complement another procedure. Regardless of the purpose, it results in permanent fat loss.

- **Return to Work**: 1 to 3 days post-op
- **Resume Normal Activity**: 1 week post-op
- **Bruising & Swelling**: Peaks 1 week post-op; subsides over 4 to 6 weeks
- **Wear Compression Garments**: 4 to 6 weeks post-op
- **Initial Results**: 3 to 6 months post-op
- **Final Results**: 1 year post-op

### **Mastopexy (a.k.a. Breast Lift)**
A [breast lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-lift) surgery improves the projection and shape of the breast by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue. 

- **Return to Work**: 1 week post-op
- **Bruising & Swelling**: Peaks at 72 hours and subsides over 6 to 8 weeks
- **Resume Exercise**: 3 to 6 weeks post-op 
- **Resume Wearing Underwire Bra**: 6 to 8 weeks post-op
- **Final Results**: 4 to 6 months post-op

### **Reduction Mammaplasty (a.k.a. Breast Reduction)**
To alleviate any pain or discomfort caused by large breasts, a [breast reduction](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-reduction) permanently removes excess skin and fat. 

- **Back & Shoulder Pain**: Immediate Relief
- **Return to Work**: 1 week post-op
- **Resume Exercise**: 3 to 4 weeks post-op 
- **Shop for New Bras**: 2 to 3 months post-op
- **Final Results**: 6 to 12 months post-op

## **The Takeaway**
Because no two patients or procedures are the same, recovering from cosmetic surgery is a very personal experience. Consulting with a [board certified plastic surgeon](https://aedit.com/aedition/medical-board-certification-in-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-dermatology) will provide further clarity on what you can expect during the healing process, so you can ensure the best results.

We live in a world of instant gratification. But, when it comes to recovering from a plastic surgery procedure, patience is key. The AEDITION breaks down the healing process of some of the most popular cosmetic procedures.

How Long It Takes To Recover From Cosmetic Surgery Procedures 

How Long Does It Really Take To Recover From Cosmetic Surgery? 

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Whether it's monthly facials or quarterly Botox® appointments, minimally invasive and non-invasive cosmetic treatments have become a routine part of many people's beauty regimens thanks to their expediency and lack of downtime. Treating signs of aging, skin tone, sun damage, sagging skin, acne scars, and even a double chin (to name a few!) is all possible without going under the knife, but the results don't last forever.

So, how often do these non-invasive treatments need to be performed in order to maintain your desired results? Here, we break down the ideal frequency for some of the most popular non-surgical procedures.

### **Chemical Peel**
Whether you're looking for a quick radiance boost or a deep resurfacing, chemical peels can treat everything from visible signs of aging (think: fine lines and sun damage) to hyperpigmentation and scarring. The type of result you see and how often you can repeat the treatment depends on the strength of the acid(s) involved. Generally speaking, they are classified as [light](https://aedit.com/procedure/superficial-chemical-peels), [medium](https://aedit.com/procedure/medium-depth-chemical-peels), or [deep](https://aedit.com/procedure/deep-chemical-peels).

- **Light Chemical Peel**: Also known as a superficial chemical peel, an alpha hydroxy acids is used to lightly exfoliate the epidermis (read: outer) layer of the skin. Minor flaking may occur in the days after treatment, and the radiance-boosting benefits often last a couple of weeks. Treatments can be repeated every three to six weeks.
- **Medium Chemical Peel**: Medium depth chemical peels, which typically involve trichloroacetic acid (TCA), reach the papillary dermis layer of the skin (the uppermost layer of the dermis) and can correct uneven skin tone and texture. Patients can expect to deal with peeling skin for up to 10 days post-treatment, and the procedure can be repeated every three to six months for prolonged results.  
- **Deep Chemical Peel**: If ever there were a case for one-and-done, it would be this. The intensely exfoliating treatment reaches the lower layer of the dermis, which allows it to completely resurface the skin. Up to three months of recovery time may be needed to heal, and the procedure is rarely performed more than once on a single patient.

### **CoolSculpting®**
This non-surgical liposuction alternative permanently destroys fat cells by freezing targeted areas. The body contouring treatment is often used to treat stubborn fat deposits on the stomach, hips, thighs, and chin area. After one session, [Coolsculpting®](https://aedit.com/procedure/cool-sculpting) patients can expect to see a 25 to 30 percent fat reduction within about four months. A series of one to three treatments spaced at least 60 days apart are often needed to fully treat each problem area.

### **Dermal Filler** 
Injectable filler has become one of the gold standards of minimally invasive aesthetics thanks to ability to reshape the face sans surgery. From temporarily mimicking the effects of surgery (hi, [liquid rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/liquid-rhinoplasty)) to reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, [dermal filler](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-dermal-fillers) comes in a variety of forms that treat different areas and last for different lengths of time.

- **Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Filler**: The most temporary option is found under brand names like Juvederm®, Belotero®, and Restylane® and lasts six to 12 months as the body absorbs the particles.
- **Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA) Filler**: CaHA injectables like Radiesse® can be expected to last 12 to 18 months thanks to the thicker viscosity that is ideal for treating deeper lines and wrinkles.
- **Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filler**: More than just a filler, PLA products like Sculptra® are classified as 'collagen stimulators' thanks to their ability to help skin naturally rebuild collagen over time, in addition to smoothing lines for 18 to 24 months.
- **Polymethyl-methacrylate Microspheres (PMMA) Filler**:  Bellafill® is the only FDA-approved PMMA injectable treatment on the market. The synthetic, biocompatible substance takes the shape of a microsphere under the skin that provides structure and firmness for about five years.
- **Polyalkylimide Filler**: Semi-permanent injections like Aquamid® have a layer of collagen form around them over time that can boost the filler-like results that already last for five-plus years.

### **Kybella®**
FDA approved to treat moderate to severe submental fat, the deoxycholic acid injection can eliminate a double chin and provide jawline definition. While the results are known to be long lasting, multiple [Kybella®](https://aedit.com/procedure/kybella) treatments may be needed to achieve desired results. A single treatment consists of up to 50 injections spaced one-centimeter apart, and up to six single treatments (staggered at least one month apart) may be administered. 
 
### **Laser Hair Removal** 
The laser therapy treatment is one of the most common cosmetic procedures in the U.S. and involves heating and killing the hair follicle to prevent future hair growth. Sessions are scheduled every four to six weeks to complement the natural hair growth cycle, with six to eight typically needed for full results. While [electrolysis](https://aedit.com/procedure/electrolysis) is the procedure FDA-approved for permanent hair removal, [laser hair removal](https://aedit.com/procedure/laser-hair-removal) touch ups are usually only needed every six to 12 months (if at all).

### **Laser Skin Resurfacing**
Like chemical peels, lasers can be used to treat a variety of skin concerns ranging from superficial to deeply resurfacing depending on the strength of the product used. Generally speaking, lasers fall into two categories, non-wounding and wounding, and the results can be judged accordingly.

- **Non-Ablative Laser Treatments**: Non-wounding lasers like [pulsed light](https://aedit.com/procedure/ipl), [pulsed dye lasers](https://aedit.com/procedure/pulsed-dye-laser), and [fractional](https://aedit.com/procedure/nonablative-fractional-lasers) lasers do not remove layers of skin, which means an initial series of treatments spaced four to six weeks apart will be for best results. From there, treatment plans can be restarted or touch ups can be administered a couple times a year, as skin tone or texture concerns return.
- **Ablative Laser Treatments**: These wounding treatments include [carbon dioxide](https://aedit.com/procedure/ablative-co2-laser) (CO2) and [erbium](https://aedit.com/procedure/ablative-erbium-laser) lasers that remove the outer layers of skin. Typically used to correct concerns in one treatment (versus the many treatments needed with non-ablative devices), results last several years.

### **Microneedling**
The collagen-inducing therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that stimulates the body's natural healing mechanisms to address skin concerns like laxity, fine lines, wrinkles, scarring, stretch marks, and pigmentation. Microneedles puncture the skin's surface to create micro wounds that activate collagen production. Combining [microneedling](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling) with [platelet-rich plasma](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling-with-prp) or [radiofrequency](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling-with-radiofrequency) can boost the results, but a series of three to six treatments spaced four to six weeks apart is usually needed to see best results.  

### **Neurotoxin Injections** 
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections temporarily paralyze underlying muscles to prevent contraction and smooth the appearance of fines lines and wrinkles (think: crow's feet, horizontal forehead lines, and frown lines). While they are colloquially called 'Botox,' the Allergan-manufactured injectable is actually one of four approved by the FDA. [Botox®, Dysport®, Jeuveau®, and Xeomin®](https://aedit.com/aedition/comparing-neurotoxin-botulinum-type-a-injections-botox-dysport-jeuveau-xeomin) each come from different pharmaceutical companies and have their own unique formulations, though each can be expected to last about three to four months.

### **Theadlift** 
If a non-surgical facelift is what you're after, [thread lifts](https://aedit.com/procedure/thread-lift) provide lifting and firming effects for six months to one year (i.e. until the threads dissolve). The goal of a thread lift is to reposition underlying skin tissue by weaving a dissolvable polypropylene thread in a cross-hatch or basket weave pattern under the targeted area to provide an immediate lifting effect, in addition to long term collagen stimulation. 

### **Ultherapy®** 
Ultrasonic skin tightening, like [Ultherapy®](https://aedit.com/procedure/ultrasound-skin-tighteningultherapy), utilizes concentrated ultrasound waves to create heat deep within the dermis that triggers the body's natural collagen and elastin production. Most patients only need one treatment to start and maintenance sessions beginning one- to two-years after the first procedure can sustain and improve the results.

## **The Takeaway**
Unlike [cosmetic surgery](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-long-do-cosmetic-surgery-plastic-surgery-results-last), which often requires weeks or months of recovery time, many non-invasive procedures allow patients to enjoy results with little to no downtime. What non-surgical procedures lack in invasiveness, however, they often make up for in maintenance. In addition to needing a series of treatments in order to see results (think: three microneedling appointments spaced four to six weeks apart), routine touch ups (like going in for more Botox® every three to four months) will likely be needed. Consulting with a [board certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon](https://aedit.com/aedition/medical-board-certification-in-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-dermatology) will ensure you are on the best treatment plan for your needs.

From Botox® and filler to microneedling and ultrasonic skin tightening, here’s a guide to how frequently non-invasive treatments need to be performed in order to maintain your desired results.

How Often You Should Get Non-Surgical Cosmetic Procedures Like Botox, Dermal Filler, Chemical Peels

How Often Do You Need To Touch Up Non-Surgical Cosmetic Procedures?

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Nothing lasts forever — not even the results of cosmetic surgery. While going under the knife may have longer-lasting effects than non-surgical cosmetic treatments, most plastic surgery procedures still have a shelf life that can range from a few years to more than a decade.

No two surgeries are the same, but having a basic understanding of what will happen before, during, and after a procedure can help ensure that your expectations are properly managed. The longevity of cosmetic and plastic surgery results depends largely on (a) the patient and (b) the surgeon’s technique, but there are some general rules of thumb when it comes to how long you can expect your results to last.

While nothing replaces a consultation with a [board certified plastic surgeon](https://aedit.com/aedition/medical-board-certification-in-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-dermatology), we’ve put together a guide to the average lifespan of some of the most common cosmetic surgery procedures. From lifts (think: facelift, brow lift, neck lift, breast lift, and butt lift) and hair transplants to rhinoplasties and breast implants, here’s how long popular cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery procedures typically last.

## **For Face**
*Non-surgical injectables (think: Botox®, filler, and the like) and laser treatments may be all the rage for their lack of invasiveness and downtime, but sometimes going under the knife is needed for a more dramatic and long-term fix. Even so, a surgical procedure cannot prevent the future effects of aging, which is why very few facial plastic surgery and cosmetic procedures claim to last forever.* 

### **Blepharoplasty (a.k.a Eyelid Surgery)**
**Lifespan**: 10 years for upper eyelid blepharoplasty; Lifetime for lower eyelid blepharoplasty
Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that improves the appearance of the eyelids by removing excess skin or fat deposits from the orbital area. It can be performed on either the upper and lower eyelid, and, depending on the reason for the procedure, may be classified as either a plastic and reconstructive procedure or an aesthetic surgery. 

- **Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty**: The results of [upper eyelid surgery](https://aedit.com/procedure/upper-eyelid-blepharoplasty) usually last about 10 years (as the face and eye area continue to age), at which another procedure may be necessary. 
- **Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty**: Unlike its upper eyelid counterpart, the results of a [lower eyelid surgery](https://aedit.com/procedure/lower-eyelid-blepharoplasty-transcutaneous-approach) tend to last a lifetime and a followup procedure is rarely necessary.

For patients whose vision is impaired by sagging eyelids, for example, the surgery would be considered medically necessary and, therefore, covered by insurance. Patients who simply wish to rejuvenate the eye area for cosmetic reasons, meanwhile, the treatment would probably be considered elective. Either way, the results are typically the same.

### **Browplasty (a.k.a. Brow Lift)**
**Lifespan**: 5 to 10 years
Known as a browplasty, brow lift, or forehead lift, the surgery involves raising the brows to a more youthful position and, in the process, reducing the appearance of lines and wrinkles, sagging skin, and hooded eyelids. During an [endoscopic brow lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/endoscopic-brow-lift), the surgeon places an endoscope through small incisions made within the hairline to adjust the muscle and tissue beneath the skin. Because of the natural aging process, results of a browplasty are not forever. Most last five to 10 years.

### **Rhinoplasty (a.k.a. Nose Job)**
**Lifespan**: Lifetime 
Like blepharoplasty, a [nose job can be 'functional' (i.e. medically necessary) or 'cosmetic' (read: elective)](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-cosmetic-rhinoplasty-vs-functional-rhinoplasty). Both classifications require a great deal of patience during the healing process, with full results often taking up to a year to reveal themselves. But, they are worth the wait. A rhinoplasty is one of the few surgical procedures that comes with permanent, lifetime results. 

### **Rhytidectomy (a.k.a. Facelift)** 
**Lifespan**: 10 years
The gold standard of facial rejuvenation, a [surgical facelift](https://aedit.com/procedure/smas-facelift) has the most dramatic and long lasting results of any of the available lifting and firming techniques on the market. It addresses facial sagging and volume loss in a way few other treatments do, but, even so, a rhytidectomy should only be expected to last, on average, 10 years or so as the skin and face continue to naturally age.

### **Lower Rhytidectomy (a.k.a. Neck Lift)**
**Lifespan**: 10 years
Like a facelift, a [neck lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/neck-lift-lower-rhytidectomy) also has about a 10-year lifespan due to the natural aging process. During the procedure, incisions are made along the hairline and ear to remove excess skin and fat. In addition to removing jowls, a lower rhytidectomy yields a more defined neck and jawline.

## **For Hair**
*Hair loss is a concern for men and women alike. While treatments like [platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections](https://aedit.com/aedition/kourtney-kardashian-prp-injections-to-treat-hair-loss) are gaining popularity for their ability to improve hair regrowth over time, hair transplants remain among the most effective, albeit invasive, ways to correct hair loss.* 

### **Hair Transplants**
**Lifespan**: Lifetime 
Generally speaking, there are two types of hair transplants. Both involve harvesting healthy hair follicles from a donor site for implant on balding or thinning areas.

- [Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)](https://aedit.com/procedure/follicular-unit-extraction-fue): Healthy hair follicles are extracted one by one from a patient's scalp and implanted to other areas around the head.
- [Follicular Unit Transplant (FUT)](https://aedit.com/procedure/strip-harvesting): Also known as strip harvesting, surgeons remove a section of hair from the back of the head (or another place it can be easily concealed). The strip is then dissected into smaller segments that can be implanted as needed.

In each case, the transplanted hair typically shed within the first two to three weeks before growing back. Full results can take up to 18 months and touch up treatments may be needed, but the results are considered permanent.

## **For Body**
*Like the face, surgical and invasive procedures for the body typically last longer than non-invasive treatments that are meant to address similar concerns. While many body surgeries do offer permanent results, that longevity is often caveated with the need to maintain a healthy weight or lifestyle.*

### **Abdominoplasty (a.k.a. Tummy Tuck)** 
**Lifespan**: Lifetime with healthy lifestyle
A [tummy tuck](https://aedit.com/procedure/abdominoplasty) is a multifaceted cosmetic procedure that removes excess skin and excess fat, in addition to restoring muscle definition, for a more contoured abdomen. While the loose skin and fat removal are permanent, lifestyle factors (think: weight changes) can impact the longevity and quality of the results.

### **Brazilian Butt Lift** 
**Lifespan**: Lifetime after initial reabsorption period
A [Brazilian Butt Lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/butt-lift) involves transferring fat from one part of the body to the buttocks for improved shape and contour. Because it is an autologous transfer, there is no fear of rejection, but it is expected that some percentage of the fat will be reabsorbed into the body. Generally speaking, 60 to 70 percent of transferred fat survives, yielding permanent results.

### **Breast Surgery**
**Lifespan**: 8 to 10 years for breast implants; Lifetime results with healthy lifestyle for breast lift and breast reduction 
There are three main types of breast surgery — augmentation, reduction, and lift — and each procedure has its own unique level of permanence:

- **Augmentation Mammaplasty (a.k.a. Breast Augmentation)**: While there is more than one kind of breast augmentation, [augmentation with breast implants](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-augmentation-with-implants) require replacement every eight to 10 years to ensure safety.
- **Mastopexy (a.k.a. Breast Lift)**: Unlike a breast augmentation that addresses the size of the chest, a [breast lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-lift) improves the projection and shape of the breast by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue. Weight changes and the aging process can cause sagging over time.
- **Reduction Mammaplasty (a.k.a. Breast Reduction)**: To alleviate any pain or discomfort caused by large breasts, a [breast reduction](https://aedit.com/procedure/breast-reduction) removes excess skin and fat. The removal process is permanent, though it does require patients to maintain their weight.

### **Liposuction**
**Lifespan**: Lifetime with healthy lifestyle 
Liposuction is typically performed as part of a larger surgery (think: a tummy tuck) or to complement another procedure, but, regardless of the application, it results in permanent fat loss. With that said, [lipo](https://aedit.com/procedure/tumescent-liposuction) cannot protect against future weight gain, so a healthy weight  and healthy lifestyle must be maintained to enjoy the contouring results.

## **The Takeaway**
As you can probably tell, how long the results of plastic surgery last depends on an array of factors. In some cases, procedures can be one and done, assuming a healthy lifestyle is maintained. In other cases, the aging process may create the need for follow-up treatments down the line. Consulting with a board certified plastic surgeon will help to level set your expectations prior to surgery and ensure the best results for your concern.

Nothing lasts forever — not even the results of cosmetic surgery. From facelifts and hair transplants to rhinoplasties and breast implants, here’s how long the results of popular plastic surgery procedures last.

How Long Cosmetic Surgery And Plastic Surgery Results Last 

How Long Do Cosmetic Surgery Results Really Last?

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You’ve done your homework and decided you’re interested in getting a surgical or non-surgical [cosmetic procedure](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-plastic-surgeons-and-cosmetic-surgeons). So, what comes next? A consultation with a board certified plastic surgeon.

Just as you wouldn’t buy a car without test driving it, you should not choose a doctor for your cosmetic surgery, procedure, or treatment without exploring your options. An initial consultation allows you to do just that. In addition to learning more about the procedure you are interested in, it is also an opportunity for you to get a sense of the doctor’s personality and practice before deciding if he or she is the right provider for you.

## **Book More Than One Consultation**
As with most decisions in life, you’ll want to get more than one opinion. You should plan to consult with at least two doctors before moving ahead with your surgery or procedure. When deciding on who to book a plastic surgery consultation with, it is important to first consider the following: 

- What is the provider’s board certification(s)?
- Does he or she have hospital privileges?
- Is he or she recommended by someone you trust?

While referrals aren’t mandatory, [researching a doctor’s board certification(s)](https://aedit.com/aedition/medical-board-certification-in-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-dermatology) and hospital privileges (yes, even if you’re interested in an outpatient procedure) are musts. Tools like the [AEDIT provider network](https://aedit.com/providers) can help you find qualified doctors in your area.

Once you narrow down your search and schedule consultations with the providers you want to meet, there are a couple of things to keep in mind about the process. While it is standard to consult with multiple doctors before settling on ‘the one,’ it is best to not reveal the names of the other doctors you are considering. Similarly, do not share the proposals you receive from one provider with another, for it may influence what they recommend for you.

## **Questions to Ask During a Cosmetic Surgery Consultation** 
*What should you discuss in the consultation room? From reviewing before-and-after photos to learning about the pre-op and post-op care, below is a guide to the most important questions to ask during a cosmetic surgery consultation to ensure you feel empowered to make the best decision.*

### **Aesthetic & Expertise** 
**1. What procedure(s) do you recommend for me?** 
You may have your heart set on a certain procedure or treatment, but you should plan to have a conversation with your doctor during your consultation about what he or she sees as the best course of action for you and your concerns. The decision is ultimately up to you, but the plastic surgeon will be able to take a more holistic look at the situation and potentially offer [a series of options](https://aedit.com/aedition/plastic-surgery-results-are-about-proportion-not-perfection) that you are a good candidate for.

**2. How often do you perform this procedure?**
While there are exceptions, it would make sense that the more frequently a provider performs a treatment or procedure, the more time they’ve had to refine their technique and specialize in it. Asking how often they perform the procedure they are recommending or the one you are interested in will help give you a better sense of their expertise.

**3. Are there before and after photos available?**
You’ll be hard pressed to find a plastic surgeon who doesn’t readily offer a look at their previous work in the form of before-and-after photos, but don’t be shy in asking for them. In addition to seeing how the results turned out for different types of patients, you’ll also get a better sense of the doctor’s aesthetic. 

**4. Would you be willing to put me in touch with previous patients?**
If the provider you’re consulting with didn’t come recommended from a friend or colleague, asking to speak with an existing patient (preferably one who underwent the same procedure you are interested in) can be a good way to learn more about the doctor, practice, and overall experience.

### **Cost & Pre-Op Care**
**5. What is the cost breakdown of this procedure?**
Because most cosmetic procedures are considered elective, they are not typically covered by insurance. They are also not cheap. Prices can vary dramatically from practice to practice, as can the way the cost is presented. To avoid hidden fees or surprises, ask for a comprehensive overview that includes pre-op and post-op care. While it is impossible to foresee complications, getting a sense of any additional expenses that may pop up (from recovery essentials to additional procedures) will allow you to budget accordingly. With that said, certain cases of rhinoplasty, eyelid procedures, and breast surgeries (to name a few) may be fully or partially subsidized by insurance, so be sure to check with your insurance provider before booking.

**6. How many pre-op appointments will be needed?**
If you’re interested in a surgical procedure, you’ve likely already considered the recovery time that may be required. But what about the time involved with pre-op prep? From bloodwork to imaging, there are tests to be run and assets to be secured prior to going under the knife or needle. Get a sense of what the timeline looks like from the day you book your procedure until your last follow-up appointment to ensure you are able to make the commitment.

**7. Is there anything I need to do prior to getting the procedure?**
Whether you need to [lose weight before scheduling a body contouring procedure](https://aedit.com/aedition/why-you-should-lose-weight-before-plastic-surgery) or press pause on your skincare routine in the days leading up to a treatment, you’ll want to have the provider give you a sense of any pre-operative instructions or guidelines. That way, you can consider how they may impact your daily life.

### **Safety** 
**8. Where will this procedure be performed?**
Whether your procedure is being performed in a [hospital or an outpatient surgery center](https://aedit.com/aedition/unexpected-things-to-know-about-the-plastic-surgery-operating-room), you’ll want to ensure the facility is accredited. Both are evaluated for safety by [The Joint Commission](https://www.qualitycheck.org/), though outpatient surgical facilities may also be accredited (voluntarily) by the [Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care (AAAHC)](https://www.aaahc.org/). If you’re undergoing an outpatient procedure, be sure your doctor has hospital privileges to avoid possible risks in case of an emergency.

**9. Does this procedure require anesthesia?**
In addition to learning whether or not your procedure requires [sedation or anesthesia](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-anesthesia), you’ll also want to know who will be administering it. Be sure there will be a board certified anesthesiologist or certified registered nurse anesthetist on hand to administer and monitor throughout the procedure. Knowing the type of anesthesia required will also inform whether or not you will need someone to give you a ride home and care for you post-op.

**10. What is the protocol if there are serious complications during the procedure?**
Statistically, even the most qualified doctors performing the most routine procedures can run into complications. One of the reasons it is important to establish that your provider has hospital privileges is in the event there is an emergency during an outpatient procedure. Confirming what processes are in place to deal with unexpected events in the operating room can provide peace of mind.

### **Recovery & Results**
**11. What is the downtime associated with this procedure?**
While there are plenty of minimally invasive procedures that you can schedule during your lunch break, most surgical procedures will require at least a couple days of recuperation. Ask the doctor to break down the recovery period, including how long it will be before you can resume certain levels of activity (from returning to work to exercising) and the side effects (think: pain, swelling, and bruising) you can expect to experience during each phase.

**12. Will I receive written post-op instructions?**
Sure, you may be able to wing the assembly of your IKEA furniture, but recovering from a cosmetic procedure that you just invested a lot of money in is not something you want to do blindly. Most doctors will have written post-operative instructions available for patients that detail everything from pain med and icing schedules to when you can resume basic day-to-day activities (think: showering, laying down, etc.). As simple as it may seem, you want to be sure that you will have something to refer back to when it comes time to navigate the recovery process.

**13. Is there a medical professional on call to answer post-op questions?**
No matter how much research you do beforehand and how thorough the written post-op instructions may be, you can pretty much guarantee that a question (or many!) will arise during the recovery process and require immediate assistance. In addition to good ol’ fashion phone calls, many practices now offer live chats on their websites that allow patients to speak with doctors, physician assistants, and/or nurses in real time. Check with the provider to see what types of services would be available to you.

**14. How many follow-up appointments will be necessary?**
While the exact number of post-op appointments varies by procedure, at least one follow-up is usually needed within the first week. That may be the only check-in needed for, say, an injectable treatment, but surgical patients can expect to meet with their cosmetic surgeon several times in the months following their procedure. Like pre-op care, it is important to have a sense of the timeline prior to booking.

**15. How long will it be before I see results?**
Any doctor will tell you that the healing process, like the procedure itself, depends on the patient, but there are general timelines that can shed some light on when you will start seeing the effects of the procedure and when you can expect a final result. While the results of some procedures are immediate, others can take a year (or more) to fully reveal themselves, so you’ll want to be sure your expectations and patience-level are managed beforehand. 

## **Additional Factors to Consider Before Choosing a Provider**  
*While qualifications and expertise are certainly key components of the decision-making process, there are intangibles related to a provider’s personality, bedside manner, and practice that cannot be underestimated. Even if the provider checks all the boxes above, be sure to also consider the following before choosing who to book your procedure with.*

### **Do you feel comfortable with the doctor?**
The doctor doesn’t need to be your best friend, but he or she should put you at ease. In addition to (hopefully) answering all of your questions, consider how you feel when speaking with the provider. Undergoing any procedure (even an elective one) is a big decision, and you should feel respected and empowered throughout the process.  

### **Are you comfortable with the practice and facilities?**
Did you wait long in the office before seeing the doctor for your consultation? Did the appointment feel rushed? How was the vibe in the waiting area and patient rooms? Taking notice of how you feel about these kinds of details should play a role in how you go about choosing a provider.

### **Is the provider's staff professional and courteous?**
Truth be told, you’ll probably be interacting more with the practice staff than you will with the doctor. From the receptionist to the nurses, pay attention to your interactions with the entire team and notice how they communicate with the provider. All of this will give you insight into what kind of care you can expect before, during, and after your procedure.

## **The Takeaway**
Choosing to undergo a cosmetic surgery procedure is an important decision in and of itself, but finding the right surgeon or doctor for your needs is key to achieving the outcome you desire. Scheduling initial consultations with at least two providers and arriving armed with a list of questions that covers everything from aesthetics and safety to cost and recovery can help you compare and contrast as you narrow down your search.

From reviewing before-and-after photos to learning about the pre-op and post-op care, here is a guide to the most important questions to ask during a cosmetic surgery consultation.

Questions To Ask Your Doctor During A Plastic Surgery Consultation 

15 Questions To Ask Your Doctor During A Plastic Surgery Consultation 

shutterstock 190955117 (1)

If you're a regular reader of The AEDITION, you know we always emphasize finding a 'board certified' provider to perform your preferred cosmetic procedure. But what does it mean to be a board certified plastic surgeon or dermatologist? How do doctors go about becoming certified? We're here to shed some light on the board certification process and why it matters.

## **Medical Licensure vs. Board Certification**
First things first, a licensed doctor is not the same as a board certified one. A medical license is required for all doctors who wish to legally practice medicine in the United States, and medical licensure is handled at the state level by state medical boards. Doctors must receive individual licenses in each state they wish to practice in, and they must be renewed periodically.

While the protocol varies from state to state, you can be sure that all licensed physicians (at the minimum) graduated medical school, underwent some level of postgraduate residency training, and passed a comprehensive national licensing exam (either the United States Medical Licensure Examinations [USMLE] for medical doctors or the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination for doctors of osteopathic medicine).

Board certification, meanwhile, signifies that the physician has successfully completed a residency in their chosen specialty. In order to become board certified, a doctor must have completed his or her undergraduate education, medical school, one-year internship, a residency in their chosen specialty, and passed the residency board exam.   
  
Unlike a medical license, board certification is not required to practice medicine in the U.S., but it is an important tool in distinguishing whether or not a provider has specialized in a particular area. Additionally, board certification does not last forever. Many medical specialty boards now require recertification every 10 years or so, ensuring doctors keep on top of their skills.

## **Why Board Certification Matters**
Board certification is important for all fields of medicine, but it is particularly necessary in the aesthetic space. While it cannot guarantee the quality of results, it can certainly point you in the direction of qualified doctors for the procedure you are interested in or care you need.

Titles like cosmetic surgeon, plastic surgeon, and cosmetic dermatologist have [seemingly become interchangeable](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-plastic-surgeons-and-cosmetic-surgeons), but the qualifications of such doctors can vary greatly. Because there is very little regulation governing how doctors refer to themselves, understanding your provider's board certification(s) can ensure you are consulting with a doctor or surgeon who is actually trained in plastic and reconstructive surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, or dermatology (i.e. the specialties that most relate to aesthetic medicine).

## **How Doctors Become Board Certified**
The [American Board of Medical Specialties](https://www.abms.org/member-boards/) (ABMS) is comprised of 24 certifying boards that are known as the Member Boards of ABMS. Specialties range from internal medicine to radiology, and while it's pretty straightforward that a pediatrician would be certified by the American Board of Pediatrics or a gynecologist would be certified by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, gaining certification in aesthetic medicine is less clear.

Sure, there is an American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) and American Board of Dermatology (ABD) that offer subspecialties in hand surgery, dermatopathology, and pediatric dermatology, but there are no member boards for specialities like oculoplastic surgery or cosmetic dentistry. Further complicating matters is the fact that there are board certifying organizations that exist outside of ABMS. While some have standards that are as rigorous as the written and oral examinations Member Boards administer, not all do.

When choosing a provider to perform a cosmetic procedure or cosmetic surgery, look for a specialist in the following categories:

### **Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery**
General plastic and reconstructive surgeons complete three to five years of general surgery training followed by a two to three year cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery residency. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons can pursue board certification via the [American Board of Plastic Surgery](https://www.abplasticsurgery.org/), and they may be dual-certified by the [American Board of Surgery](http://www.absurgery.org/) (ABS). While they are board certified to perform cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries on the face and body, their work often focuses on the breasts and body.

### **Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery**
After completing a five-year residency in otolaryngology (a.k.a. ears, nose, and throat), facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons pursue year-long fellowships in cosmetic and reconstructive procedures specifically related to the face and neck (think: rhinoplasties, facelifts, chin and jaw surgeries, etc.). While there is no ABMS Member Board specifically for facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, they should be board certified by the [American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery](https://www.aboto.org/) (ABOTO). The [American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery](https://www.abfprs.org/) (ABFPRS) is also an accreditation that many facial plastic surgeons seek.

### **Dermatology**
Medical dermatologists diagnose, treat, and prevent conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. While there are subspecialties within the field, all dermatologists board certified by the [American Board of Dermatology](https://www.abderm.org/) undergo non-surgical, cosmetic dermatology training during their residency program. Dermatologic surgeons (i.e. those qualified to perform liposuction, fat transfer, and Mohs surgery, in addition to non-invasive treatments) are often fellows of the [American Society for Dermatologic Surgery](https://www.asds.net/) (ASDS). Asking to see before-and-after photos and inquiring as to how often they perform certain cosmetic treatments and procedures will shed further light on their aesthetic expertise.

### **Oculoplastic Surgery**
While a facial plastic surgeon is able to perform eyelid surgeries (like [blepharoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/upper-eyelid-blepharoplasty)), oculoplastic or oculofacial surgeons are experts in procedures that reconstruct the eyelids, tear ducts, and orbital area. They should be board certified by the [American Board of Ophthalmology](https://abop.org/) (ABOP) and have additional fellowship training with the [American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery](https://www.asoprs.org/) (ASOPRS).

## **Fellowships & Societies**
Doctors who wish to further specialize in a particular area of medicine may choose to continue their training and education via a fellowship. Fellowship programs are often highly competitive and last one to three years each. Due to the lack of ABMS Member Boards in certain subspecialties, fellowships may be used to denote expertise. An ophthalmologist who wishes to subspecialize in oculoplastic surgery, for instance, would complete a two-year fellowship through the aforementioned ASOPRS.

Society memberships, meanwhile, offer another way (separate from licensing, board certification, and fellowships) for providers to continue their education, in addition to offering mentoring and networking opportunities. Below are some of the academies and societies related to aesthetic medicine, cosmetic surgery, and dermatology:

- [American Academy of Aesthetic Medicine](https://www.aaamed.org/) (AAAM)
- [American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry](https://aacd.com/) (AACD)
- [American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery](https://www.cosmeticsurgery.org/) (AACS)
- [American Academy of Dermatology](https://www.aad.org/) (AAD)
- [American Academy of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery](https://www.aafprs.org/) (AAFPRS)
- [American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery](https://www.smartbeautyguide.com/) (ASAPS)
- [American Society of Cosmetic Laser Surgery](https://www.cosmeticsurgery.org/page/SubspecialtyOrganiz) (ASCLS)
- [American Society for Dental Aesthetics](http://www.asdatoday.com/) (ASDA)
- [American Society of Dermatologic Surgery](https://www.asds.net/) (ASDS)
- [American Society of Hair Restoration Surgery](https://www.cosmeticsurgery.org/page/SubspecialtyOrganiz) (ASHRS)
- [American Society of Liposuction Surgery](https://www.cosmeticsurgery.org/page/SubspecialtyOrganiz) (ASLS)
- [American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery](https://www.asoprs.org/) (ASOPRS)
- [American Society of Plastic Surgeons](https://www.plasticsurgery.org/) (ASPS)

While these affiliations are voluntary, a doctor may display their memberships as an indicator of interest and engagement in their specialty. 

## **The Takeaway**
There is perhaps no more important task in your aesthetic journey than finding the right physician to perform your cosmetic surgery procedure, and understanding the board certification process is a key part of that. While all the certifications, licenses, and credentials in the world cannot guarantee results, knowing that your doctor specializes in the procedure you are interested in is the first step toward ensuring you get the best care for your needs.

If you’re interested in a cosmetic procedure, you’ve likely been told to find a board certified provider. But what does it mean to be a board certified plastic surgeon or dermatologist? The AEDITION breaks it down.

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