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Sewing needles date back some 60,000 years, but the history of needles in medicine can be traced to 1844, when the first hypodermic needle was created in Ireland. Biocompatible facial injectables, meanwhile, came to market in the 1960s and 1970s, but it took a few more decades for the technology to become what it is today. With the boom of medical aesthetics, it’s not just the tools that have seen innovation. The [techniques](https://aedit.com/aedition/aquagold-botox-microdosing-facial) in which they are administered has also evolved to offer a more comfortable experience that yields a subtle, natural-looking, and youthful result. 

[Dermal fillers](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-dermal-fillers) address soft tissue loss, depressed scars, atrophy, or asymmetry, while [neuromodulators](https://aedit.com/aedition/comparing-neurotoxin-botulinum-type-a-injections-botox-dysport-jeuveau-xeomin), like Botox®, temporarily relax muscles to prevent wrinkles or reduce the appearance of them (they also have therapeutic indications to treat [excessive sweating](https://aedit.com/procedure/botox-for-hyperhidrosis), migraines, and even [jaw pain](https://aedit.com/aedition/botox-to-treat-tmj-disorders-and-jaw-slimming)). Many consider aesthetic providers akin to sculptors, molding and [shaping the face](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-reshape-your-face-with-filler-botox-injectables) with aesthetics *and* anatomy in mind. The structure of facial muscles and the location of blood vessels and nerves will determine where injectables are placed, how they are administered, and what kind of needle is used. 

Skilled with a syringe and instructed with a vision, their hands work to gently insert the injectable in ways that complement the facial structure. To further understand the process of injecting from a provider’s perspective, we spoke with the experts. 

## **Injectable Techniques** 
During the [consultation process](https://aedit.com/aedition/questions-to-ask-your-doctor-during-plastic-surgery-consultation) and facial assessment, “providers should discuss their method of injecting with their patient,” explains [Kian Karimi, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/kian-karimi-md-17458), a double board certified facial plastic reconstructive surgeon in Los Angeles. Those who are [needle-wary](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-needles-used-for-cosmetic-injectables-botox-filler) can feel safe as their faces are marked for proper injection placement, as each requires the utmost precision. 

So, what goes on as the needle is inserted? Here are a few of the techniques used in aesthetic medicine: 

- **Multiple Injection**: Also known as serial puncture or ‘string of pearls,’ this technique is done through multiple injection sites to address specific areas of concern. In cases when a single droplet or a few are necessary to help create symmetry, the [single-injection technique](https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/lookinside/10.1055/b-0034-64043#) is referred to as ‘depot.’ This has become the [preferred method](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086532/) in the last few decades for neuromodulator injections, though it may create more bruising. “With depot, you can go down to the bone or tissue and do a bolus of filler,” explains [Jason Emer, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/jason-emer-md-722), a board certified dermatologist in West Hollywood.  
- **Linear Threading**: Also known as tunneling, linear threading works as the needle is inserted, withdrawing the injectable in one move. This method can be performed in two ways: retrograde and anterograde. With the retrograde technique, the injectable is withdrawn in droplet amounts as the injector removes the needle. With anterograde, the product is injected when the needle is inserted. Anterograde may be performed for [tear troughs](https://aedit.com/procedure/under-eye-filler) or the vermilion border because it allows the injector to better visualize the product tracking. Retrograde linear threading is used to [fill in deeper wrinkles](https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/putting-injectable-facial-fillers-to-their-best-use) (think: the nasolabial folds and marionette lines) or to [plump the lips](https://aedit.com/procedure/lip-augmentation-solutions). 
- **Fanning**: Often done in the cheeks, this technique allows for more product to be distributed throughout the area. Referred to as fanning because the needle is only inserted once and then redirected to a different radial plane, Dr. Emer says this style decreases [bruising](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-prevent-bruising-after-lasers-filler-botox) risk due to limited injection sites. 
- **Cross-Hatching**: Done through a row of linear threads overlapped by another row aligned at an ‘X’ angle to create a slanted grid-like pattern, this technique allows for the injector to fill more product in the desired area. The multiple linear thread injections may be performed in specific areas, such as nasolabial folds or [cheeks](https://aedit.com/procedure/cheek-augmentation-with-fillers), to evenly distribute the product, though it may lead to more bruising. 
- **Grid**: Similar to cross-hatching, the grid technique is done through linear threads at a right angle to allow for more distribution of the [injectable](https://aedit.com/aedition/new-injectables-neurotoxins-fillers-for-face-body). 
- **Ferning**: Similar to linear threading and fanning, ferning is performed by inserting the needle and injecting the product while retracting it in a retrograde fashion. Then, along the thread, the needle is moved out to the sides imitating a fern leaf. 

## **So, Needle or Cannula?** 
Injectable technique depends on the facial landscape, patient's desires, and product used, Dr. Emer says, and there are [different tools](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-needles-used-for-cosmetic-injectables-botox-filler) that have different benefits. Traditional needles provide more precise injection, while cannulas are favored for their decreased risk of bruising and swelling. “Ultimately, you should seek a skilled professional regardless of if they use needles or cannulas,” says [Lesley Rabach, MD](https://lmmedicalnyc.com/dr-lesley-rabach/), a double board certified facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon at LM Medical in NYC. 

### **Needle**
Allowing for more precision but also, often, more bruising, Dr. Karimi says needles are best used for deep temples, midline of the chin, hairline, and fine line injections. “In the temple, for example, you can inject with a needle safely deep on the bone of the temporal fossa,” he explains. Needles may also provide more precision, especially in depot injections. 

### **Cannula**
“The use of a cannula turns injecting into an art form – you become a sculptor,” Dr. Karimi explains. He notes that the tool itself is a longer, blunt-tipped version of a needle, which allows it to target more areas of treatment from a single insertion port. “I inform all of my patients of my use of the cannula almost exclusively and the benefits, such as minimal bruising, with them,” Dr. Rabach shares.

While she believes that cannulas are “inherently safer to be used for injectables,” they come with their own side effects. “The one downside is that it can sometimes cause more [swelling](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-minimize-swelling-after-cosmetic-surgery) temporarily that is self-limited, but patients would much prefer this than the potential of weeks of bruising,” she says. 

## **Interchanging Techniques & Needles**
With individual patient concerns come individual solutions, and, for many, their skin, gender, and age will play a role in the approach the injector takes. Providers will assess the patient and, in some cases, alter the tools, techniques, or even formulations used. “A cannula is safer in the superficial portion of the temple hollow,” Dr. Karimi explains. “I use a 25-gauge cannula and dilute the filler in a one to one dilution with 0.9 cc saline and 0.1 cc 2 percent lido.” This approach “minimizes the risk of a vascular occlusion” and helps to “avoid a puffy look in this area,” he adds.  

It should also be noted that certain treatment areas will require a multimodal approach, Dr. Emer notes. “Each technique has its pros and cons,” he says. “The average injector does a mix of depot and linear threads.” Dr. Rabach agrees, explaining that, in areas such as the cheeks, singular drops or depots will be needed. In such cases, “a needle is preferred,” she says. 

But, in the right cases, she maintains that “a cannula provides a nearly pain-free experience, significantly reduced chance of bruising, and precise placement of filler as opposed to a needle.” Experience, however, is key. “It is a highly technical approach that cannot be done by just anyone,” she cautions. 

## **The Takeaway** 
Like Rome, injectable skills and techniques are not built in a day. They require a medically astute injector who understands the anatomy of the face, the behavior of the injectable, and the needs of the patient. To deliver the best results in the most comfortable way, providers may use one of the various treatment methods in their arsenal. Before undergoing any aesthetic procedure, be sure to consult with a board certified doctor or surgeon who is [highly trained](https://aedit.com/aedition/finding-the-right-plastic-surgeon-dermatologist-or-cosmetic-dentist) in the procedure and methodolgy you are interested in.

Aesthetics

Whether it’s a neurotoxin or dermal filler, facial injectables come in different forms and need to be administered accordingly. Here’s what you need to know.

Best Facial Injectable Techniques And Tools For Dermal Filler And Botox

A Guide To Facial Injectable Techniques And Needles

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If you ask a makeup lover to talk about the favorite parts of their makeup collection, most people would mention a color eyeshadow, a glistening highlighter, or a [stays-matte-all-day](https://aedit.com/aedition/makeup-artist-tips-for-applying-makeup-for-summer-2020) foundation. But, if you ask a makeup artist the same question, it’s likely that they’ll mention their brushes. 

Makeup brushes are to makeup artists what paintbrushes are to painters or a beloved guitar pick is to a musician, but most people don’t realize how integral brushes are to our own makeup kits. One reason? There’s not a ton of information out there about what makes a 'good' makeup brush, so you may not even know what to look for. To better understand how to choose a makeup brush, we asked three expert makeup artists for their tips, tricks, and must-haves.

## **The Makeup Brushes That Should Be in Everyone’s Kit**
Whether you’re a makeup maven or are just starting out on your color cosmetics journey, there are certain types of brushes that should be the foundation of your makeup kit. “A great starting point would be a foundation brush, a concealer brush, a powder brush, an eyeshadow blending brush, and an eye shadow flat brush,” says makeup artist and educator [Rose Siard](https://www.instagram.com/roseandben/?hl=en). “This should get you most places you need to go for day to day looks.” 

### **Essential Makeup Brushes:**

- Foundation Brush
- Concealer Brush
- Powder Brush
- Eye Shdow Blending Brush
- Flat Eye Shadow Brush

Once you’ve got the basics down, there are a few more brushes that you may want to consider to top off your tool kit.

### **Additional Makeup Brushes:**

- Contour Brush 
- Crease Brush
- Eyeliner Brush 
- Lip Brush

Despite the allure of the expansive brush collections makeup gurus love to show off online, there is no need to go crazy. Celebrity makeup artist [Sandy Linter](https://www.instagram.com/sandylinter/?hl=en) says you shouldn’t feel like you need to have a massive kit. Her advice? Ask yourself how many brushes you will actually use. “Makeup artists can have a hundred brushes because they know which ones work where, but don’t confuse yourself with a large brush kit,” she cautions. 

## **How to Choose a Makeup Brush**
So, now that you know the types of makeup brushes you need, it’s time to break down what sets a good brush apart from an average one.

### **1. Consider the fiber density**
Fiber density refers to how many bristles are placed into the ferrule (the metal ring that separates the bristles from the handle) of a brush, and it’s a key indicator of how a brush will deposit color on to your face. A dense brush will lead to a higher color payoff, while a brush with a lower fiber density will give you a softer application. Generally, eyeshadow brushes should be denser than the brushes you use for blush or for blending. The best way to examine a brush’s density before you buy is to see it in person. But, with COVID-19 restrictions still in place, Siard suggests asking for recommendations, looking at the description of the brush on the brand’s website, and reading reviews.

### **2. Check out the material**
The hairs that make up a makeup brush are either made of synthetic or natural fibers. Natural usually means that it’s [come from an animal](https://magazine.lneonline.com/how-its-made-makeup-brushes/), like a goat, sable (i.e. weasel), or squirrel, which has long raised questions about how ethically the hairs are sourced. While natural brushes used to be preferred because they were said to be softer and offer better color payoff, the attitude has shifted as technological advances greatly improved the quality of synthetic tools. “I think synthetic hair fibers are the go-to,” Siard explains. “Not only are they cruelty free, but they are also virtually indistinguishable from natural hair in regard to feel and application.” 

### **3. Prioritize quality over quantity**
When it comes to building a brush kit, you will likely get what you pay for. “Cheap brushes usually don’t hold up when they are cleaned, and they can fan out,” Linter notes. Additionally, Siard believes that good brushes can make makeup better. “In my opinion, a great quality brush can make up for a poor quality product,” she shares. “I would rather have one great eye shadow brush than three subpar ones.”

### **4. Know when to splurge**
One more thing to keep in mind? The type of brush you need. Celebrity makeup artist and groomer [Brandy Allen](https://www.instagram.com/brandyallen/?hl=en) recommends investing in face brushes (think: foundation, powder, etc.), as they are “used on the biggest part of the makeup application.” Linter, meanwhile, likes to splurge on blush and shadow brushes. If you are in the market for a [lip brush](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-apply-lipstick), it may be another tool worth spending a bit more on because Linter says it can be hard to find one that is full enough. On the flip side, our experts agree that there are great budget-friendly highlighter and eyeliner brushes that will do the trick for a fraction of the price.

## **Expert-Approved Makeup Brushes**
Ready to upgrade your makeup brush game? Below are five makeup artist- and editor-approved tools to tackle your face, eyes, and body.

### **For Multitasking**: Anisa Beauty Multi-Powder Brush**
![AEDIT-Anisa1](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/2pQphYZ1qFLw9Mu8DGpRFI/0d2dc4beaaef12582d93371e7cd5b1fc/AEDIT-Anisa1.png)
Anisa Beauty’s makeup and [skincare brushes](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-brushes-for-face-masks-creams-serums) are Allen’s go-to, and this extremely versatile powder brush can be used to apply everything from blush and bronzer to highlighter and setting powder. $40, [anisabeauty.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anisabeauty.com%2Fcollections%2Fpresent%2Fproducts%2Fmulti-powder-brush) 

### **For Face & Body**: Fenty Beauty by Rihanna Face & Body Kabuki Brush 160
![AEDIT-Fenty](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3NEhGOFeIWYFUsKYZRomcm/2e38943d96b208ea5741986396cb61e2/AEDIT-Fenty.png)
Kabuki brushes are short-handled brushes with dense bristles and a rounded shape. While they’re traditionally recommended to be used with powders, your liquid products can be applied with a kabuki brush, too. This option from Fenty is good for applying foundation, powders, highlighters, and shimmers to your face, neck, décolleté, and arms. $34, [sephora.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fface-body-kabuki-brush-160-P97417774%3Ficid2%3Dproducts%2520grid%3Ap97417774) 

### **For Contouring:** Surratt Beauty Artistique Sculpting Brush
![AEDIT-Surratt](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/4Q2zR1smjGRRWkMdZZW4YJ/4d9b118557a163461a0af17866675e1b/AEDIT-Surratt.png)
One of the pricier picks on our list, Linter says this brush is worth it because of who made it. “Troy Surratt is a makeup artist, so he understands the various needs of a brush,” she says. This sculpting tool allows for subtle and strategic [contouring](https://aedit.com/aedition/contouring-tips-from-celebrity-makeup-artist-patrick-ta) — no streaky lines here. $120, [surrattbeauty.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.surrattbeauty.com%2Fcollections%2Fbest-sellers%2Fproducts%2Fartistique-sculpting-brush) 

### **For Eye Makeup**: Beautyblender High Roller Crease Brush & Cooling Roller
![AEDIT-Beautyblender](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/1beaKi99rJCfHZvMf6O8hT/4e8ecdc989003eade7b00dde96545949/AEDIT-Beautyblender.png)
You obviously know Beautyblender for its sponges, but the brand's dual-sided makeup brushes deserve a spot in your kit, too. This fluffy, synthetic-bristle brush is perfect for applying and blending eye makeup — no matter your eye shape or skill set — while the cooling roller tip depuffs and smoothes under eyes. $33, [sephora.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fhigh-roller-crease-brush-cooling-roller-P449144%3Ficid2%3Dproducts%2520grid%3Ap449144) 

### **For Foundation**: Anisa Beauty Pinnacle Foundation Brush
![AEDIT-Anisa2](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/6jAShKDX9mF9Uv0kbNT8BL/b3dcd231e6947c649297e1efff0022c8/AEDIT-Anisa2.png)
Siard says that this brush is one of her faves because applying [foundation](https://aedit.com/aedition/fall-2019-liquid-powder-foundations-makeup-skincare) can be “so tricky” compared to other products. The dense triangle-shaped tool pairs perfectly with cream and liquid makeup, which the pro says makes an “enormous difference” in the application process. $30, [anisabeauty.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anisabeauty.com%2Fcollections%2Fpresent%2Fproducts%2Fpinnacle-foundation-brush) 

### **For Newbies**: Zoeva Coral Shine Brush Set
![AEDIT-Zoeva](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/13pNAWlqfd4cd6qSiFFSG6/e6f6defa5911104d2763a741ae13debb/AEDIT-Zoeva.png)
Whehter you’re building your kit from scratch or looking to start fresh, this nine-piece set has everything you’ll need and nothing more. With four face brushes and five eye brushes, your entire face will love Zoeva’s vegan designs. $95, [zoevacosmetics.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzoevacosmetics.com%2Fproducts%2Fcoral-shine-brush-set) 

## **How to Take Care of Your Makeup Brushes**
Here’s the good news: spending money on quality brushes means you can count on them to stand up well to the tests of time, and you can generally expect your makeup brushes to last a couple of years. In fact, Linter says she has two brushes in her kit that she’s had since the 1990s. To ensure longevity, however, your brushes need to be cared for. 

Regularly [washing your brushes](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-clean-makeup-brushes-sponges) is a must to remove the residue and bacteria that weakens both the skin barrier and the brush fibers. Siard cleans her brushes every four days, while Allen opts for a daily wash. If you know that’s not going to happen for you, she suggests using a brush cleaner each day and then going for a deep cleanse every one to two weeks, depending on how often you use them. 

You’ll know it’s time to throw out a brush when the bristles start to shed, fray, or become stiff. If you notice a broken handle or ferrule, it’s also time to toss, as bacteria can enter the crack. Another clue that it might be time to swap your brushes? They're no longer applying your makeup evenly. 

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Beauty

The most overlooked part of your makeup routine is actually the most important, and we’ve asked three makeup artists to share their tips.

How To Choose A Makeup Brush, According To Makeup Artists

How To Choose The Perfect Makeup Brush

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Septoplasty and rhinoplasty are the two major ways to surgically alter one’s nose. And though the two sound similar and deal with the same basic territory, there are major differences in each procedure. A [rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/rhinoplasty-nose-job) addresses cosmetic issues with the nose, such as bridge height, a bulbous or droopy nose tip, or nostril issues, explains [Edward Kwak, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/edward-kwak-md-74), a double board certified facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon in New York City. A [septoplasty](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-cosmetic-rhinoplasty-vs-functional-rhinoplasty), meanwhile, corrects the nasal cartilage for improved breathing. 

In even simpler terms: “A septoplasty is considered a functional surgery because it makes your nose function better, while a rhinoplasty is considered a cosmetic surgery because it can make you look better,” says [Roxanne Grawe, MD](https://www.roxyplasticsurgery.com/), a board certified plastic and reconstructive surgeon at ROXY Plastic Surgery Center in Powell, Ohio. Though disparate, the two procedures are often performed at the same time, depending a patient's needs. 

Ahead, we’ll further explain the similarities and differences between rhinoplasty and septoplasty surgery.

## **What Is Rhinoplasty?**
The most well-known form of nasal surgery, rhinoplasty (a.k.a. nose job) is a surgical procedure that alters the external shape of the nose. Rhinoplasty is “always associated with external contour irregularities,” says [Lee Ann Klausner, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/lee-klausner-md-41), a double board certified facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon in NYC. An accident or breakage caused by trauma to the nose or simply aesthetic preference about how a patient wants their nose to look, may be cause for a rhinoplasty. There’s also a procedure known as a ‘[revision rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-you-need-to-know-about-revision-rhinoplasty),’ which is a secondary surgery that corrects a previous, unsatisfactory attempt. Since rhinoplasty is a cosmetic procedure, it will most likely not be covered by health insurance.

### **Rhinoplasty Recovery & Results**
The outcome of a rhinoplasty will depend on your vision for a new nose, Dr. Grawe says. “A rhinoplasty can make your [tip more defined](https://aedit.com/concern/nose-shape), remove a [dorsal hump](https://aedit.com/concern/nose-bump), make your [nose smaller](https://aedit.com/concern/nose-size) or shorter or narrower or [tilted](https://aedit.com/concern/nose-angle) differently,” she says. “All your desires should be discussed with your surgeon ahead of time, so you are on the same page prior to surgery.”

On surgery day, you’ll likely be admitted for an outpatient procedure and be able to return home after surgery. The procedure often requires [general anesthesia](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-anesthesia), Dr. Grawe notes. As she explains, there are two types of rhinoplasty — [closed rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/closed-rhinoplasty), which “requires incisions only on the inside of the nose,” and [open rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/open-rhinoplasty), which necessitates a small incision at the bottom of the nose. “The decision between the two has to do with your surgeon’s preference and what needs to be changed with the nose,” she says.

Depending on the goals of the procedure, the surgeon may break your nose, which will leave you with [bruises](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-prevent-bruising-after-lasers-filler-botox) below the eyes after surgery. You’ll be sent home with a splint on the outside of your nose that will be removed about five to seven days later.

For six months after surgery, Dr. Kwak advises his patients to avoid strenuous activities, even vigorous nose blowing. You’ll also have to refrain from activities like [smoking](https://aedit.com/aedition/impact-of-cigarette-smoking-vaping-on-skin-hair-teeth-health) and drinking, wearing makeup, tannings, facials, [working out](https://aedit.com/aedition/when-to-start-exercising-again-after-cosmetic-surgery-procedures), and traveling until medically cleared. “Generally, patients look fantastic at the one-month mark (or earlier), although swelling and asymmetries are to be expected until approximately the one year mark,” he says. 

## **What Is Septoplasty?** 
In contrast to rhinoplasty (which can address any number of external nasal issues), septoplasty hones in on the central nasal cartilage — the portion of the nose that separates your nostrils. As Dr. Grawe explains, the septum is like the walls of the house, providing stability to your nose and also allowing for streamlined air movement through the nose. 

For those dealing with [breathing or functional concerns](https://aedit.com/concern/breathing-issues), “a septoplasty opens up airways for improved breathing,” Dr. Kwak says. “This helps patients who suffer from a long list of nasal problems, including nosebleeds, sinus infections, snoring, and migraines.” Since septoplasty is usually considered a medically necessary procedure (read: not cosmetic surgery), it may be [covered by insurance](https://aedit.com/aedition/insurance-coverage-for-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-procedures). 

### **Septoplasty Recovery & Results**
Like rhinoplasty, septoplasty is typically an outpatient procedure. During the surgery, “the cartilage in your nose will be straightened and supported with suture techniques and sometimes cartilage grafting,” Dr. Grawe explains. Depending on your specific needs, “you will have a small incision inside your nose or on the columella (the bottom of your nose),” she adds. Often, the surgeon will end the surgery by placing an internal nasal splint, which helps [decrease swelling](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-minimize-swelling-after-cosmetic-surgery). Many providers allow patients to go home the same day. 

After surgery, you can expect “very little” discomfort, Dr. Grawe shares, but there will likely be some swelling around the nose and cheeks. Your breathing should improve within two weeks of the procedure. Since septoplasty often involves straightening the septum, it may, in turn, straighten the nose itself. It should be noted that this is a side effect — not the goal — of this surgery.

## **Which Procedure Is Best for You?**
As with any reconstructive or cosmetic surgery, the most important factor in a successful procedure is proper communication with a [board certified](https://aedit.com/aedition/medical-board-certification-in-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-dermatology) provider. Once a surgeon understands your reasons for seeking nasal surgery and your goals for a modified nose, they can recommend the best course of action (or even share if non-surgical options, like [liquid rhinoplasty](https://aedit.com/procedure/liquid-rhinoplasty), could suit your needs). In the meantime, all you need to do to help decide which procedure — septoplasty or rhinoplasty — is right for you: take a deep breath.

Determining the right nasal surgery for you can come down to one question: Do you have trouble breathing?

Septoplasty vs. Rhinoplasty: What's The Difference?

engin-akyurt-YmM4EkZ1 v8-unsplash

Pardon the pun, but, right now, [the eyes have it](https://aedit.com/aedition/popularity-of-eyelid-surgery-cosmetic-eye-procedures-during-covid-19). Months (and months) of COVID-19-related masking has left many of us hyper focused on our eye area: *Should we [tint our lashes](http://home) at home?* *What about trying our hand at [falsies](https://aedit.com/aedition/false-eyelashes-mascara-for-thicker-fuller-lashes)?* *Brave [Botox®](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-before-getting-botox-for-the-first-time) during the pandemic?* 

With more emphasis than ever on the expressiveness of our upper face — chiefly, the eyes — we figured it was time to examine a relatively common complaint that is not often discussed: eyelid ptosis (a.k.a. droopy eyelids). Here’s what you need to know about the condition and treatment options.

## **What Is Eyelid Ptosis?**
Eyelid ptosis (the ‘p’ is silent, friends), also known as blepharoptosis, is the medical term for a drooping eyelid. The condition can be caused by trauma, age, genetics, or various medical conditions, and there are two general classifications for ptosis:

1. Congenital ptosis (present at birth)
2. Acquired ptosis (developed later in life)  

Ptosis affects both men and women, and it may be present in one eyelid (unilateral) or both eyelids (bilateral). It’s estimated that somewhere between 10 and 20 percent of adults have some level of eyelid ptosis. While mild degrees of blepharoptosis may only have a cosmetic impact, more severe cases can be medically significant.

## **What Causes Eyelid Ptosis?**
We tend to take blinking for granted, but it’s actually a pretty complex marvel of physiology. Just so we’re seeing eye to eye (right?), let’s breeze through some orbital anatomy. The eyelids are composed of several muscles that are responsible for opening and closing the eye. The orbicularis oculi is the muscle that encircles the eye socket and controls the closing of the eyelids.

There are also two main muscles involved in raising and maintaining the position of the eyelids. The levator palpebrae superioris does the heavy lifting and the superior tarsal muscle provides an extra boost. Damage to either of these two muscles (or to the nerves that signal them) can lead to eyelid sagging.  

With that said, there are a host of factors that may contribute to blepharoptosis. In some cases, eyelid droop is simply the result of heavy, excess skin in the area (not impaired muscle function). Other times, it’s caused by conditions that can damage the delicate eyelid muscles:

- Genetics (researchers have found at least one gene so far)
- Age (muscles wear out as we get older)
- Eyelid tumors or cysts
- Eye injury
- Muscle disorders
- Nerve issues (including stroke and Horner’s syndrome)
- Cataract surgery (an estimated 4 to 12 percent of patients experience post-op ptosis)

And then there are the risk factors that are more lifestyle dependent. Turns out,  your mother was onto something when she told you to stop flipping up your eyelids (gross) because ‘someday they’ll stay like that.’ Eyelid ptosis is sometimes the result of:

- Contact lens use (primarily hard contacts)
- Eye rubbing
- Elective eye surgery (including LASIK)
- Neurotoxin injections (Botox®, Dysport®, Jeuveau®, Xeomin®)

If that last one got your attention, we’re here to explain…

### **Can Botox Cause Ptosis?**  
While the so-called ‘[Botox Brow Lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/chemical-brow-lift)’ has been making headlines recently, one of the most common side effects of neuromodulators is brow and eyelid ptosis. Visiting a highly experienced injector decreases your chances of this complication, but it's always a possibility. “Neuromodulators may cause temporary ptosis if they come in contact with the levator superioris palpebrae muscle,” says [Kian Karimi, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/kian-karimi-md-17458), a double board certified facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon in Los Angeles. “Some patients also complain of brow ptosis when the frontalis muscle (forehead) is treated with these injections.”

The good news? Neuromodulator-related ptosis generally wears off faster than the rest of your treatment. It usually resolves in three to four weeks.

## **How to Treat Eyelid Ptosis**
Sometimes ptosis is a symptom of something innocuous, like aging (*sigh*). But because blepharoptosis can be indicative of a serious condition like a stroke or a tumor, it’s smart to see your board certified ophthalmologist or plastic surgeon when you notice sagging. If left untreated, ptosis can cause:

- Vision disruption
- Amblyopia (a.k.a. lazy eye)
- Astigmatism 
- Neck problems (tilting the head to see causes tension)

Fortunately, eyelid ptosis is treatable, and your course of treatment will depend on the cause of your condition. In some cases, treating an underlying medical condition will resolve the ptosis. Otherwise, the most common eyelid ptosis treatments include:

- **Eyelid Exercises**: Dr. Karimi says that while special exercises may work in certain cases, results may not last.
- **Eye Crutch**: Also called a ‘ptosis crutch,’ this device is useful for treating temporary ptosis or for patients who aren’t candidates for surgery.
- **Surgery**: The most permanent solution, though it may not be appropriate in every case.

It should be noted that serious cases of blepharoptosis may qualify for [insurance coverage](https://aedit.com/aedition/insurance-coverage-for-plastic-surgery-cosmetic-procedures). “There are measurements that are taken to assess the degree of eyelid ptosis and tests to show if there is impairment of vision from eyelid ptosis and/or from redundant skin that can diminish peripheral vision,” Dr. Karimi explains. Once you’ve been diagnosed with eyelid ptosis, your provider will evaluate whether or not your case qualifies.

## **Eyelid Ptosis Surgery** 
Patients who have acquired ptosis unrelated to an underlying (and treatable) medical condition or those born with a droopy eyelid may be good candidates for surgical blepharoptosis repair. Eyelid ptosis surgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia. 

Depending on the severity of sagging and the provider’s preference, incisions may be made on the surface or the underside of the upper eyelid. “In general, milder cases can be treated with an [internal approach](https://aedit.com/procedure/eye-ptosis-surgery-internal-approach), whereas more significant or complex cases may require an [external approach](https://aedit.com/procedure/eye-ptosis-surgery-external-approach) with an outer incision,” Dr. Karimi says. The surgeon shortens (or reattaches, if necessary) the levator palpebrae superioris or the superior tarsal muscle based on the anatomy and needs of the patient.  

It’s common to incorporate eyelid ptosis repair into a larger set of facial rejuvenation procedures, particularly in older patients who’ve developed the condition with age. [Brow lift](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-surgical-and-non-invasive-brow-lift-procedures) and [upper eye lift](https://aedit.com/procedure/upper-eyelid-blepharoplasty) (read: blepharoplasty) surgeries can often make the eyelids appear more elevated, but the simultaneous repair of true ptosis will yield the best aesthetic results.

Although every case is unique, Dr. Karimi says ptosis surgery typically has a one- to two-week recovery period, which is usually tolerated quite well. Eye drops and wound care are part of the recovery process, and [strenuous activity](https://aedit.com/aedition/when-to-start-exercising-again-after-cosmetic-surgery-procedures) is usually limited for two to three weeks. Risks include poor [scarring](https://aedit.com/aedition/minimizing-scars-after-surgery), asymmetry of the lids after correction, infection, and need for additional procedures.

## **A Prescription Ptosis Solution**
For patients seeking a non-invasive alternative, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved [Upneeq®](https://www.upneeq.com/) — a once daily eye drop — for the treatment of acquired eyelid ptosis in July 2020. The solution, which includes oxymetazoline hydrochloride (the active ingredient in nasal decongestant spray), causes contraction of the levator muscle, raising the eyelid by about one to two millimeters. While he has yet to prescribe it, Dr. Karimi sees Upneeq® as a non-surgical treatment option, particularly for patients experiencing temporary ptosis from neuromodulators.

## **The Takeaway**
Eyelid ptosis is not always just an aesthetic concern, so it’s important to see your doctor if you notice eyelid drooping to rule out underlying medical conditions. Depending on the cause(s) and type of ptosis, your provider will advise on what treatment option(s) that are best for you.

With more emphasis on the eyes than ever, it’s time to examine a relatively common but seldom discussed eye concern: eyelid drooping.

Eyelid Ptosis: Droopy Eyelid Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Everything You Need To Know About Eyelid Ptosis

shutterstock 764250607

*Feel like you need a dictionary every time you look at the ingredient list of a beauty product? Still unsure of the difference between retinol and retinoids? What about the unique benefits of vitamins B, C, and E? Are alpha and beta hydroxy acids the same thing? The skincare aisle can be overwhelming, but you don’t need a PhD in cosmetic chemistry to navigate it. With expert help, The AEDITION is demystifying and simplifying the beauty industry — [one label at a time](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/read-the-label).*

It’s no secret that chemical exfoliation (usually with an acid) has become the go-to technique for inducing cellular turnover, as the days of abrasive scrubs are behind us. [Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) and [beta hydroxy acids (BHAs)](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-beta-hydroxy-acids-salicylic-acid-in-skincare) are two of the most recognizable and popular classes of acids in skincare, but it’s time to focus on their gentler – yet similarly effective – counterpart: polyhydroxy acids (PHAs). Often found in toners and [at-home peels](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-at-home-chemical-peels-exfoliators), PHAs may be the key to a brighter complexion for those with sensitive skin. Here’s what you need to know about the buzzworthy ingredient. 

## **What Are Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs)?**
Polyhydroxy acids are a gentle chemical exfoliant with a larger molecular size than AHAs and BHAs, which means they cannot penetrate the skin as deeply. As a result, PHAs work more on the surface to improve skin tone and texture without sensitizing it. Needless to say, you can’t really have a discussion about PHAs without mentioning their cousins, AHAs and BHAs. While these exfoliating ingredients are closely related, they have some key differences:

- **Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)**: “AHA is a water-soluble acid and includes glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid,” explains Miwon Kwon, senior product developer at [JOAH Beauty](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joahbeauty.com%2F). “It helps to remove dead skin cells and maintain skin moisture.” 
- **Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)**: “BHA refers to salicylic acid as a fat-soluble ingredient and helps remove sebum and dead skin cells,” she says. “BHA is common for oily skin,” 
- **Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs)**: “PHA is a water-soluble ingredient and less irritating exfoliating ingredient,” Kwon notes. This allows for PHAs to be formulated in a variety of ways — but more on that later. 

While the term ‘BHA’ in skincare primarily refers to [salicylic acid](https://aedit.com/procedure/salicylic-acid-peel), there are a number of acids that fall under the AHA umbrella. PHAs are similar in that respect. Here’s what to look for in the ingredient list:

- Gluconolactone
- Lactobionic
- Galactose

Gluconolactone is the acid most often found in skincare products and may be written as ‘gluconic acid’ on the label. It also functions as a humectant due to the [multiple hydroxyl groups](https://clinicalgate.com/phas-and-bionic-acids-next-generation-hydroxy-acids/) that allow them to carry more water weight. 

## **What Are the Benefits of PHAs in Skincare?**

![Polyhydroxy Acids PHAs Skincare Benefits Infographic](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3ekVCaTXCigMs5SQda9OzU/c2d2b348b46d8bbd2bd1d5344d3d0c6c/Polyhydroxy-Acids-PHAs-Skincare-Benefits-Infographic.png)

As an exfoliator, PHAs help rid the complexion of dead skin cells, reduce the appearance of sun damage and pigmentation, and repair the skin. PHAs are beneficial for those whose tolerance of other chemical exfoliants (think: AHAs and BHAs) is low but who still want an exfoliating effect. 

In a [study comparing](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15002657/) AHAs and PHAs (specifically glycolic acid and gluconolactone), PHAs were found to have similar anti-aging benefits to AHAs. Although [glycolic acid](https://aedit.com/procedure/glycolic-peel) had better results, the margins were not drastic enough to sideline gluconolactone. PHAs also work similarly to antioxidants by helping to minimize signs of aging without irritation. As a result, they are beneficial for people of all ages. 

## **Who Are PHAs Good For?**
As mentioned previously, those with sensitive skin will likely appreciate the gentle-yet-effective nature of PHAs the most. “The unique properties of PHA – larger molecule size, surface-level penetration – make them ideal for virtually all skin types,” explains [Amy Spizuoco, DO](https://aedit.com/provider/amy-spizuoco-19341), a board certified dermatologist and founder of True Dermatology in New York City. This includes people with sensitivities, [rosacea](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-live-with-and-treat-rosacea), and [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter), because “PHAs are a reparative ingredient,” she says. But that’s not all. PHAs can also prove to be an effective [acne treatment](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-ingredients-to-treat-acne-blackheads-whiteheads) for some.

## **How to Find the Right PHA Product**
Today, PHAs can be found across the beauty aisles in products like face masks ([OleHenriksen PHAT Glow Facial](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fphat-glow-facial-mask-P448207) is a favorite), toners (hi, [Glossier Solution](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glossier.com%2Fproducts%2Fsolution)), and exfoliating pads (the [JOAH Beauty Daily Glow Peel Pads](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joahbeauty.com%2Fshop-all%2Fdaily-glow-peel-pads) pair PHAs with 5 percent AHAs). Here’s what to keep in mind when considering a PHA product: 

1. **Prioritize Percentage**: Dr. Spizuoco recommends staying in the 10 percent range, but a lower concentration should not disqualify the product — especially if it’s formulated with complementary ingredients.  
2. **Consider the Formula**: As with any acid formulation, PHAs tend to work best as leave-on toner solutions, serums, face creams, and lotions because they allow the ingredient to fully absorb into the skin and provide maximum benefits.
3. **Read the Label**: Additional ingredients paired with the PHAs should also be examined to enhance skin health. In the [Peter Thomas Roth PRO Strength 10% PHA Exfoliating Clarifying Liquid](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fpeter-thomas-roth-pro-strength-10-pha-exfoliating-clarifying-liquid-P462390), for example, PHAs are blended with 5 percent glycolic acid, 0.5 percent salicylic acid, ceramides, and a proprietary lipid complex. The result? A glow-inducing treatment that also balances and hydrates. 

Reading the label doesn’t just mean looking for the names of ingredients. “We look for innovation — which could be an unexpected way in which the product should be used — and ingredients that are not only supported with clinical testing but at the percentage recommended by the original manufacturer,” explains Chelsea Scott, co-founder of [The Beauty Spy](https://thebeautyspy.com/). “We need to ensure the combination of ingredients and innovation provides the promoted benefits.” Kerry E. Yates, beauty expert, inventor, and founder of [Colour Collective](https://www.colour-collective.com/), agrees. “There are FDA requirements for labeling, so brands have to be very careful if they fail to list their ingredients correctly,” she says. “If claims seem too good to be true, they are probably false.” 

## **When To Use PHAs**
If you’re ready to give PHAs a go, start with a patch test (the inner arm or jawline are usually good spots) before slowly integrating them into your routine. “Think once every two to three days,” Dr. Spizuoco says. And be sure to speak with your dermatologist about the best way to incorporate them based on your skin type. “PHAs can be combined with other ingredients or dermatologic procedures to provide additional benefits,” she explains. PHAs can be paired with [retinoids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) when treating acne or photoaging; or they can be used in conjunction with hydroquinone to improve skin pigmentation and aging. 

For Scott, PHAs are a friendly ingredient that don’t negate the effects of many others. “Because they’re mild, it’s safe to use your PHA products with most other products in your skincare regimen, like toners, moisturizers, and serums,” she says. Even those who are concerned about their [post-procedure skincare](https://aedit.com/aedition/skincare-after-facial-plastic-surgery-procedures) can feel comfortable reaching for polyhydroxy acids. “PHAs may also be used after cosmetic procedures, such as [lasers](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fraxel-laser-skin-resurfacing-treatments) and [microdermabrasion](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-dermabrasion-microdermabrasion), but should be done in consultation with your dermatologist,” Dr. Spizuoco notes. 

Unlike AHAs, which are often recommended for nighttime routines, PHAs are usually given the green light for morning use. “Studies show evidence that gluconolactone can neutralize free radicals to combat UV damage, which may be attributed to its chelating properties that allow it to bind to skin-damaging free radicals caused by exposure to things such as sun and pollution,” Dr. Spizuoco explains. “PHAs don’t increase the number of sunburned cells or make your skin more sensitive.”

## **The Takeaway**
Whether you have sensitive skin or are simply looking for another acid to add to your chemical exfoliation regimen, polyhydroxy acids can address uneven skin tone and texture concerns for a wide range of skin types. Remember to always consult with a dermatologist or skincare expert before adding a new ingredient to your routine. 

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Expert Opinion

Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) offer exfoliating benefits akin to alpha and beta hydroxy acids without the skin-sensitizing side effects. Here’s what the experts have to say.

A Guide To Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs) In Skincare

Read The Label: All Your Polyhydroxy Acid Questions Answers

shutterstock 1774623737

One of the best parts of having a [skincare routine](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-apply-layer-skincare-products) is, well, the routineness of it all — lathering up your cleanser, applying your toner, pressing your serum or oil into your complexion, massaging your cream into the skin. The next best part? The fact that there are so many different ways to expand on your routine once you have it down pat. From trendy skincare fridges and fans to tried and true [massage tools](https://aedit.com/aedition/beauty-massage-for-face-body) and [at-home devices](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-at-home-skincare-devices), there are a myriad of ways to build upon your regimen. And skincare brushes — *yes, you read that correctly* — are another way to up your routine while reaping both mental and physical benefits. 

Skincare brushes are tools that are specifically designed to apply skincare products to your face, neck, and décollatage. They are often made with similar fibers to [makeup brushes](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-clean-makeup-brushes-sponges), but they often feature different silhouettes to better distribute your oils, creams, or masks. Using a skincare brush is generally considered more hygienic (more on that below) than using your hands to apply product, especially if the product is housed in a jar. Additionally, taking your time to use a brush with your skincare faves offers you a chance to slow down and really savor your [self care](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/self-care) — *ahem* — skincare experience. Is your interest piqued? Here’s what three skin and beauty professionals have to say about skincare brushes.

## **The Benefits of Applying Skincare With a Brush**
One of the primary benefits of using brushes to apply skincare products is that you won’t lose any product to your hands. “A brush allows even coverage all over the skin without removing the product or absorbing into the fingertips or hands,” explains Anisa Telwar Kaicker, founder and CEO of [ANISA Beauty](https://www.anisabeauty.com/). “Brushes also give the ability to apply and layer multiple products evenly.”

For those with lengthier skincare routines, brush application can be a game changer. As you move through your regimen, it’s common to simply eyeball how much product you need. When combined with the absorption of previous products into your hands, it means differing amounts of your product end up on your face. And, since very few of us wash our hands between steps, cross-contamination can occur. Skincare brushes can create a more even and hygienic application process.

Oh, and the brushes have the added bonus of promoting “[lymphatic flow and gentle massage](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-lymphatic-drainage-massages-after-cosmetic-surgery) for rejuvenation,” Telwar Kaicker says. It also improves surface exfoliation. “Using a stiffer brush may support the mild exfoliating processes of some products using movement and friction to lift what is sitting on the surface of the stratum corneum [outer layer of the skin],” says [Ava Shamban, MD](https://avamd.com/), a board certified dermatologist in Beverly Hills. 

## **How to Use Skincare Brushes**
When choosing a skincare brush, it’s important to either use a different brush for each step of your routine or to cleanse the brush before switching to your next product. Before you rush to purchase a whole new brush set, consider what tools you already have in your beauty arsenal. “I personally believe in repurposing makeup brushes,” Telwar Kaicker notes. “If the brush was already used for makeup, I wouldn’t use it as a skincare brush. But if the brush is brand new, it would be great to test.” 

When it comes to applying products with a brush, Telwar Kaicker says facial oils, serums, masks, and creams are all good candidates. Depending on the type of formula, you’ll either sweep or stipple the brush onto the area that you want to disperse the product. For products that come in jars, it’s best to dip a *clean* brush into the product, while products that come in jars with stoppers can be applied to the face then spread with the brush. For pump containers, you can place the product directly on the brush.

Now that you understand the basics, here are some of our favorite skincare brushes to jumpstart your collection:

### **ANISA Beauty Mini Skin Care Brush Trio**
![AEDIT-AnisaKit](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/4UP0NfGMbqF69rnenYL1eh/c07ced94a185e022f994dc628d099d78/AEDIT-AnisaKit.png)
Perfect for beginners or those who wish to go back to basics, this trio features the brand's All-Over Care Brush, Angled Care Brush, and Eye Treatment Brush for the ultimate introduction to hands-free skincare application. $50, [anisabeauty.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anisabeauty.com%2Fcollections%2Fprotect%2Fproducts%2Fmini-skin-care-brush-trio) 

### **I Dew Care Silicone Face Mask Brush**
![AEDIT-IDewCare](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/2zGhQn82KgUpbXEbVF2yAw/a247183f7639eb5998176949d5399b27/AEDIT-IDewCare.png)
Say goodbye to sticky mask hands forever. This silicone spatula has a jelly-like texture and allows for easy clean-up (simply rinse the brush head after applying) and less product waste (no more allowing your hands to soak up the product). $8, [ulta.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fsilicone-face-mask-brush%3FproductId%3DxlsImpprod16361297) 

### **Artis Digit Skincare Circle 1**
![AEDIT-Artis](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3C6Yp2NeMRZ12MlOIrmqCi/5f56a5e3ad20b79e099695cb0c663572/AEDIT-Artis.png)
This brush boasts a dense fiber bundle that is the size of a pea, which makes it ideal for placing targeted spot treatments on the skin. It’s also great for applying lip masks, salves, and balms. $38, [byartis.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbyartis.com%2Fcollections%2Fdigit-skincare-collection%2Fproducts%2Fdigit-skincare-circle-1%3Fvariant%3D20817727193201) 

### **ANISA Beauty Cleansing Brush**
![AEDIT-AnisaCleanse](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3KE4EHvmKl66mTaQhFwjhB/c4ecb17e71953b60b6bd565768097f0f/AEDIT-AnisaCleanse.png)
This manual facial cleansing brush employs both soft fiber and silicone bristles for deep-yet-gentle cleansing and exfoliation. The patented handle includes a thumb placement grip detail and no-slip ridges. $32, [anisabeauty.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anisabeauty.com%2Fcollections%2Fprotect%2Fproducts%2Fcleansing-brush) 

### **MŌDA Spa Face Mask Applicator Kit**
![AEDIT-Moda](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/24uZC1yLMZI54cLHPMtOyw/aedc889892ce784eb6ab33b1df583591/AEDIT-Moda.png)
This silicone set is a perfect pair. The larger spatula features a rounded design to complement the contours of the face and apply even the thickest masks and creams evenly, while the smaller, pointed model is made to ensure hard to reach and/or sensitive areas (think: the under eyes or around the nose and hairline) are not forgotten. $8, [modabrush.com](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmodabrush.com%2Fproducts%2Fmoda-spa-face-mask-applicator-kit)

## **How to Take Care of Your Skincare Brushes**
The active ingredients and oily/creamy nature of many skincare products mean they can harbor even more bacteria than your makeup brushes. If you decide to go the skincare brush route, it’s *extremely* important to wash them regularly or all you’ll be doing is transferring bacteria between your face and your products. 

<RelatedContent
  title={How To Clean Your Makeup Brushes}
  slug={how-to-clean-makeup-brushes-sponges}
/>

Dr. Shamban recommends cleaning your skincare brushes daily with a gentle cleanser or micellar water. Telwar Kaicker wipes or washes her brushes after every use, depending on the product they are paired with. “Brushes used with acids, oils, and masks should be washed daily, while a brush used with a serum can be wiped with a tissue or towel,” she says.

If that seems like a lot of upkeep (we get it!), Dr. Shamban points to silicone brushes, which require a lot less maintenance. “These brushes are antimicrobial and antibacterial, are not as abrasive to the skin, and do not have unwanted friends (i.e. bacteria) staying to cause atopic reactions,” she shares.

## **The Cons of Applying Skincare With a Brush**
While the pros of skincare brushes tend to outweigh the cons for some, people with [acne](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-hormonal-acne-body-acne-cystic-acne-whiteheads-blackheads), [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter), or similar skin conditions may find that the brush aggravates their sensitive skin. Regardless of your skin type, it’s important to use a firm but gentle hand with skincare brushes to avoid irritating the skin — no scrubbing or power washing here! And never discount the power of your hands. “I’m a fan of good old fashioned fingers,” says medical aesthetician [Candace Marino](https://www.instagram.com/thelafacialist/) (a.k.a. The L.A. Facialist). “Generally, fingers get the job done just fine without need for brushes that can collect bacteria and cause skin reactivity.” 

We’ve said it before, but it bears repeating: If you are keen to give skincare brushes a try, be sure to clean them after every use. If you prefer to work with your own digits, be sure to keep them clean, too, and indulge in a self care moment (or two!). “Using fingers and some pressure allows for circulation and oxygenation,” she notes, “as well as better penetration for products from cleaning to masks.”

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

There are a host of benefits — so long as you make sure to wash them even more than you cleanse your makeup brushes.

Best Skincare Brushes To Apply Face Masks, Creams, Serums

Should You Apply Skincare Products With A Brush?

vitae-london-8BOZ2TxO2lQ-unsplash (1)

Microbotulinum goes by many names — including microbotox, intradermal Botox, and Botox microdosing — and, chances are, you’re about to hear a lot more of all of them. This [microneedling-like method](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-microneedling-at-home-dermarolling) of administering neurotoxin via microchannels has been gaining fans slowly but surely over the years. But the idea recently got pushed farther into the spotlight thanks to [a study published](https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/Abstract/2020/11000/Microbotulinum__A_Quantitative_Evaluation_of.10.aspx) in late 2020 in the journal *Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery* in which diluted intradermal Botox® was found to improve microroughness, pore diameter, and skin texture on the forehead, cheeks, and jawline in 90 days. Here’s what to know about it. 

## **How Botox Microdosing Works**
First, [microbotulinum](https://aedit.com/procedure/botox-facial) is not a substitute for the regular use of [Botox® or any neurotoxin](https://aedit.com/aedition/comparing-neurotoxin-botulinum-type-a-injections-botox-dysport-jeuveau-xeomin). The effects are different from traditional injectable treatments, which soften wrinkles by injecting the neuromodulator directly into the muscle to relax it. It also shouldn’t be confused with ‘Baby Botox®’ — the treatment that is a lot like regular Botox® injections, but, instead of administering the solution in a few targeted areas of the face, smaller amounts are spread out over wider areas. 

When Botox® is microdosed, it is administered via a [mesotherapy](https://aedit.com/procedure/mesotherapy) technique using the [AquaGold® Fine Touch](https://aquagoldfinetouch.com/pages/aquagold) system of thinner-than-a-human-hair gold-plated microchannels that infuse a custom cocktail of ingredients into the skin’s superficial layers without ever truly puncturing it. When administered this way, it plumps the skin, decreases pore size and flushing, softens fine lines, reduces sweat and oil production, and thwarts acne. “This procedure essentially helps the skin have a photo-finished or filtered appearance,” says Purvisha Patel, MD, a board certified dermatologist and founder of [Visha Skincare](http://www.vishaskincare.com/). 

Facials using the AquaGold® system deliver everything from neuromodulators to vitamins (depending on your needs) at a rate of up to 2,000 microinjections a minute. The result? “Improved skin quality, less grease, less sweat, and an overall glow,” says [David Shafer, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/david-shafer-md-153), a double board certified plastic and reconstructive surgeon in New York City. Microbotulinum can be performed just about anywhere on the face — and some parts of the body, too. “[It’s] especially useful on sensitive areas such as the under eyes,” Dr. Shafer notes. “Other common areas are the neck, décolleté, and even the back of the hands.”

Providers don’t see Botox® microdosing as an either/or situation with traditional injections but rather a treatment you can either get on its own or as an add-on to your usual neurotoxin usage. “It’s the icing on the cake for injectable Botox®,” says [Paul Jarrod Frank, MD](https://pfrankmd.com/), a board certified dermatologist and author of the *Pro-Aging Playbook*. “It won’t really be the future of injectables, but it is a [red carpet secret](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-for-the-red-carpet-and-special-events) for someone who wants clearer skin and tighter pores.”

## **Ideal Candidate for Botox Microdosing**
AquaGold® facials that include Botox® are good for people looking to improve their overall skin texture. It can help your anti-aging efforts a bit by plumping the skin, but the effects go beyond that. “The treatment is great for patients looking to refresh their skin,” Dr. Shafer says. “For those new to aesthetic treatments, this is an excellent choice, as it's gentle and has no downtime.” Dr. Patel echoes that, assuring “there are little to no complications.” 

## **What to Expect From a Botox Microdosing Treatment**
“Contrary to what you would expect from having lots of needles poked in the skin repeatedly, the procedure is not painful and there is no downtime [other than] slight facial redness,” Dr. Patel explains. Despite that, some sensitive patients opt for numbing cream as a precaution. The treatment typically takes around 30 minutes, and patients often return to work or go about their day as usual right after — although it’s recommended to avoid washing your face and putting on makeup for at least six hours post-appointment to allow the ingredients to work their magic. 

## **Botox Microdosing Recovery & Results**
Similar to [regular neurotoxin injections](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-before-getting-botox-for-the-first-time), results are not instant. Expect the benefits of microbotulinum to begin to show in a few days, with peak results within a week. As for how long the glow-inducing results last? Dr. Patel says it’s the same as traditional Botox®, clocking in around three to four months. 

Prices vary greatly for the AquaGold® facials depending on the provider and cocktail of ingredients being administered. You can find them for anywhere from $250 to more than $2,000 — though, to include Botox®, it will likely run you somewhere in the middle or upper part of that range. Be sure to consult with your board certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon to see if microbotox is right for you.

Now Trending

The buzzword is coming for your neurotoxin — and experts say that’s a good thing.

AquaGold Botox Microdosing Facial: Treatment, Benefits, Cost, Recovery

Here's The Scoop On Botox Microdosing With AquaGold

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Looking into lasers? Now’s the time — especially if you’re lucky enough to work from home. There are probably no social gatherings, weddings, or birthday parties on your calendar for the foreseeable future. One laser with a lot of name recognition? Fraxel®, which addresses skin concerns ranging from hyperpigmentation and [acne scars](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-scars) to dullness to fine lines by essentially peeing them all away to reveal a fresh layer of healthy, glowing skin. 

Why is this [laser skin resurfacing](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-ablative-laser-skin-resurfacing) treatment so popular at the moment? “Now, people want the bigger bang for their buck. They have more time for downtime being home and money to spend from not going on vacations or dining out,” says [Paul Jarrod Frank, MD](https://pfrankmd.com/), a New York City-based board certified dermatologist and author of *The Pro-Aging Playbook*. “Patients are doing more aggressive treatments like Fraxel® versus [Clear + Brilliant®](https://aedit.com/procedure/clear-brilliant), FaceTite versus [Ultherapy®](https://aedit.com/procedure/ultrasound-skin-tighteningultherapy), or [tumescent liposuction](https://aedit.com/procedure/tumescent-liposuction) versus non-invasive fat removal.”

Here, top cosmetic dermatologists break down the technology, what it treats, the recovery process, how long the results last, and more. 

## **How Fraxel Works**
Fraxel® is a fractional laser treatment, which means it only targets a fraction of the skin at a time. “It is the Ferrari of laser resurfacing,” Dr. Frank says. Why? The device is both versatile and customizable, with the ability to go through every layer of skin. “The advantage of Fraxel® over other laser skin procedures and treatments is that you are not breaking the skin, the healing is rather open,” he notes. 

The Fraxel® portfolio has different treatment options depending on a patient’s skin concerns. Regardless of which device you choose, it works by creating tiny columns of microthermal treatment zones that stimulate cellular regeneration and collagen production to accelerate the body’s natural healing processes. As such, Fraxel® treats fine lines and wrinkles, such as crow’s feet and brow lines, in addition to surface scarring, explains [Dendy Engelman, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/dendy-engelman-md-312), a board certified dermatologist in NYC. It also addresses pigmentation issues like age spots, sun damage, actinic keratosis (a common precancerous skin condition), and the appearance of large pores.

### **Types of Fraxel**
[Fraxel® Dual](https://aedit.com/procedure/nonablative-fractional-lasers) is a non-ablative (read: non-wounding) fractional laser that features two wavelengths (1550 and 1927) to address an array of skin concerns on the face and body. The 1927 wavelength addresses skin tone (think: pigmentation concerns), while the 1550 wavelength treats skin texture (read: fine lines and wrinkles and scarring). For those interested in a more dramatic result, [Fraxel® Repair](https://aedit.com/procedure/fraxel-repair) is an ablative (i.e. wounding) fractional treatment featuring a [carbon dioxide (CO2) laser](https://aedit.com/procedure/ablative-co2-laser) wavelength. It can treat deeper scars and wrinkles, in addition to skin laxity.

## **Ideal Candidates for Fraxel**
Those looking for anti-aging, scar correction, stretch mark improvement, or preventative care are all good candidates for this treatment, Dr. Engelman shares. Fraxel® Dual is generally considered safe for most skin tones, including ones on the darker end of the [Fitzpatrick scale](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types).

While it’s an effective treatment for [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-treat-hyperpigmentation-with-skincare-cosmetic-treatments), those with melasma should tread carefully. “Fraxel®, like most lasers, can make melasma worse, as melasma is often worsened by heat in addition to sun, and lasers are hot,” explains [Amy Wechsler, MD](https://www.dramywechsler.com/), a board certified dermatologist in NYC. An experienced practitioner may, however, be able to assist. “Fraxel® can certainly be helpful in those who have melasma, but it should be performed by a licensed and trained physician who knows the intricacies, risks, and specific and appropriate treatment parameters,” Dr. Engelman notes. 

## **What to Expect from a Fraxel Treatment**
About a week prior to a Fraxel® treatment, your provider will likely recommend you stop using [retinol, retinoids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), and other sensitizing skincare products. Skin should also be relatively clear (i.e. no serious breakouts, open wounds, or infections). On treatment day, the area will be [topically numbed](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-anesthesia) for about 45 minutes and the procedure itself will take 15 to 30 minutes. Even with the anesthetic, patients report feeling everything from mild tingling to a bee sting-like effect. A good rule of thumb? Expect to experience a prickling sensation.

## **Fraxel Recovery & Results**
It should come as no surprise that [recovery time](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/recovery) depends on the type of Fraxel® treatment you get. “Recovery time typically includes one week of potential redness (erythema) and [swelling](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-minimize-swelling-after-cosmetic-surgery) (edema), and patients have to be very strict about photoprotection during healing,” says Emma Taylor, MD, a board certified dermatologist and chief medical officer at [Symbiome](https://www.symbiome.com/). In fact, your [post-op skincare regimen](https://aedit.com/aedition/skincare-after-facial-plastic-surgery-procedures) is key to maximizing results. “Patients should avoid all types of sensitizing agents, like serums, retinols, [glycolic](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare), and other exfoliating agents for one week, and [stay out of the sun](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-apply-sunscreen-and-not-miss-a-spot) at least two weeks following treatment since the skin will be sensitive,” Dr. Frank says. 

The first two days post-procedure are usually likened to recovering from a [sunburn](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-relieve-and-treat-sunburn), and skin texture usually starts to roughen up and flake between days three and five. Some parts of the body respond differently than others, so this may take more or less time. It should also be noted that Fraxel® Repair often has a longer recovery process due to its ablative nature. 

Depending on your skin concerns and aesthetic goals, a series of treatments may be suggested. For people with severe sun damage, Dr. Frank usually performs a series of two to four monthly treatments. “For people who want general resurfacing, I recommend a once-a-year treatment,” he says. “People with a history of skin cancer usually get it done twice a year.”

How long results last will vary by patient and skin tone, but Dr. Wechsler says they can be enjoyed for a year or more. Dr. Engleman often recommends annual Fraxel® treatments to maintain the quality of the skin. “We lose one percent of our collagen a year by the time we reach 30, so a treatment like this once a year will help to build up our collagen as opposed to it diminishing,” she explains. 

## **The Takeaway**
Fraxel® is an effective treatment option that can address a wide variety of skin concerns for an array of skin tones, but [finding the right provider](https://aedit.com/aedition/finding-the-right-plastic-surgeon-dermatologist-or-cosmetic-dentist) is key. “It’s important to see a board certified dermatologist who is an expert not only at addressing the relevant skin conditions but also someone who understands the potential side effects to maximize benefit and minimize risk to the patient,” Dr. Taylor explains. 

Aggressive treatments on the wrong patient or skin type can lead to long-lasting pigment or scarring issues. “Certain patients with underlying health conditions and certain skin types should be treated with caution or not at all, so a proper consultation to determine a treatment plan is always recommended,” Dr. Engleman concludes.

You’ve likely heard of Fraxel®, but do you know its benefits? Top dermatologists break down the ins and outs of the skin resurfacing procedure.

Fraxel Laser Skin Resurfacing: Benefits, Treatment, Recovery

Everything You Need To Know About Fraxel Laser Treatments

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*If the COVID-19 pandemic has meant you are spending more time tending to your own complexion (without the help of a professional) than ever before, you’re not alone. In this four-part series, The AEDITION is teaming up with [Lizette Ludwig, RN](https://www.instagram.com/lizetteludwig_rn/), to compare some of the most popular minimally invasive in-office aesthetic treatments ([microneedling](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-microneedling-at-home-dermarolling), [chemical peels](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-medical-grade-chemical-peels-at-home-exfoliators), [LED light therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-at-home-led-therapy), and microcurrent) to their at-home counterparts.* 

<a href="https://youtu.be/F3dPrxEBfo8" class="embedly-card" data-card-width="100%" data-card-controls="0">Embedded content: https://youtu.be/F3dPrxEBfo8</a>

We often preach patience when it comes to enjoying the effects of in-office or at-home aesthetic treatments. But every now and then there is a unicorn service that manages to provide both immediate and long-term benefits for an array of skin types and tones. Enter the microcurrent facial, a non-invasive lifting and toning treatment that is affectionately known as the ‘non-invasive facelift.’ Here, we break down everything you need to know about in-office and at-home microcurrent facials.

## **What Is Microcurrent?**
Electrotherapy devices were originally approved by the [United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)](https://aedit.com/aedition/early-history-of-us-food-drug-cosmetic-regulation-fda) to treat Bell's palsy and muscle paralysis in the 1980s. But it didn't take long for the aesthetic benefits of using a nerve stimulator to send soft, gentle waves through the skin, tissues, and down to the facial muscles to reveal themselves.

One of the simplest ways to think about microcurrent is as a workout for your face. Just as you go to the gym to train the muscles of your body, microcurrent employs low-grade electrical current to contract and ‘train’ the facial muscles to appear more lifted, tightened, and firm. “Microcurrent improves facial tone, reduces puffiness, increases cellular activity, and also helps with fine lines and wrinkles,” says [Lizette Ludwig, RN](https://www.instagram.com/lizetteludwig_rn/), an aesthetic nurse and injector in southern California. “Think of it as a natural lift for tighter, healthier skin.”

## **Professional Microcurrent Facials**
A professional microcurrent treatment starts much like a regular facial. The skin is typically cleansed and exfoliated first. Depending on where you visit and what the facial entails, other minimally invasive treatments like [LED therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-at-home-led-therapy) or [microdermabrasion](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-dermabrasion-microdermabrasion) may be involved. And then comes the microcurrent. In-office microcurrent may feature gloves or handheld prongs that Ludwig says are used to “deliver precise doses of energy to the skin.” 

Before the wands make contact with the skin, a water-based conductive gel will be applied to the treatment area. “It's chemically neutral, electrically conductive, and the same gel used for ultrasound or electrotherapy,” she explains. “The purpose of the conductor gel is to transmit the electric current from the device to the facial muscles.” It also helps to make the treatment comfortable and painless. “It protects the skin from zapping and enables the device to glide smoothly,” Ludwig shares. “The prongs are moved around the face and you may feel a slight tingling sensation, but it's actually relaxing.”

### **Microcurrent Safety & Results**
As we mentioned, one of the most appealing aspects of microcurrent is how quickly you’ll enjoy the benefits. “Results can vary, but you will see them within minutes of having the treatment,” Ludwig explains. “That's the fun part — you’ll immediately feel firmer and lifted!” In fact, if your practitioner has a mirror handy during treatment, you can often see a visible lifting and [de-puffing effect](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-lymphatic-drainage-massages-after-cosmetic-surgery) between the side of the face that has been treated and the side that hasn’t been. 

But it’s not just a quick fix. For long-term toning, Ludwig recommends a series of 10 to 15 professional performed within six weeks. From there, your provider will put you on a maintenance schedule. Generally speaking, your eye-area will look more awake, the forehead more taught, jawline more defined, and cheekbones better contoured. Oh, and there will be an overall plumpness to the skin thanks to an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cell growth and collagen production.

Microcurrent is generally considered safe and effective for most skin types and tones. “Minor side effects can include fatigue, nausea, and sleepiness, since it is considered a detox treatment,” Ludwig explains. Microcurrent is not recommended for those who are [pregnant](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/pregnancy) or patients who have heart conditions. Additionally, if you have [active acne breakouts](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-professional-treatments-for-acne-and-acne-scars), it might be best to wait until they heal to seek treatment.

## **At-Home Microcurrent Devices**
Chances are you’ve seen a host of at-home microcurrent devices (we’re fans of the [NuFace Trinity Facial Toning Device](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Ftrinity-facial-toning-device-P383183) and [ZIIP Nanocurrent Device](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.violetgrey.com%2Fproduct%2Fziip-device-with-80-ml-gel-bottle%2FZIP-Z003)) that promise similar results to their in-office counterparts. These tools can be quite effective, but, as with most consumer models, “at-home devices aren’t as powerful as professional-grade devices,” Ludwig notes.

[Consistency](https://aedit.com/aedition/maintaining-skin-with-devices-skincare-products-between-cosmetic-procedures) is the key to reaping the benefits of microcurrent at home. “With microcurrent therapy, it's all about completing treatments as recommended,” she explains. In the case of at-home devices, frequent use is possible (and necessary!), so it’s important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. When in doubt, consult with your dermatologist.  

“Results are often immediate, but, for long term results, accumulative treatments are required,” Ludwig concludes. “Like all preventative skin treatments, they do not stop the aging process. Instead, think of it as slowing down the aging process.”

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Looking for a skin treatment that can provide immediate and long-term lifting and firming benefits? Here’s what you need to know about microcurrent.

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