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Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that is believed to impact two to three percent of the population. It causes patches of inflamed, red, and flaky skin on the face and body that tend to have a silvery appearance. These symptoms are caused by the overproduction of skin cells, and, for those who suffer from psoriatic arthritis, it can also lead to joint pain and stiffness. What causes someone to develop psoriasis remains somewhat of a mystery, and there is currently no cure. Treatments are highly personalized in nature and often require quite a bit of trial and error to determine what works best.

In honor of World Psoriasis Day, we spoke to New York City-based board certified dermatologist [Morgan Rabach, MD](https://lmmedicalnyc.com/dr-morgan-rabach/), and two psoriasis patients to better understand the skin condition and how to manage it.

## **What Is Psoriasis?**
Not to be confused with [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter) or [rosacea](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-live-with-and-treat-rosacea), psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes patches of red, dry, flaky skin. It most commonly appears on the elbows, knees, lower back, and scalp, but the patches can show up anywhere on the body. No two psoriasis cases are the same, and the condition usually manifests in unpredictable cycles that alternate between periods of no (or minor) symptoms and more intense flare-ups. During these relapses, the patches of irritated skin can be large, itchy, burning, and even painful.

The severity of the condition varies by patient. For many, psoriasis patches are more of a cosmetic concern than anything else. But, for others, the discomfort and appearance of large areas of irritation can affect their quality of life — causing physical pain and discomfort.

## **Who Does Psoriasis Affect?**
According to the World Health Organization’s [2016 Global Report on Psoriasis](https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204417), the condition affects men and women equally. It is thought that some 100 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with the condition, and it would appear that it is gradually becoming more common.

There are slightly higher numbers of cases of recorded cases in Caucasian patients compared to other ethnicities, but this disparity may be due to differences in the number of people seeking treatment in different demographics. There are no clear factors that make one group more susceptible to the condition than others, though there is often a misconception that psoriasis is a contagious skin condition. Psoriasis is not contagious, and it is thought to be triggered by certain infections, genetics, and injuries to the skin.

## **What Causes Psoriasis Flare-Ups?**
Psoriasis flare-ups can be caused by a variety of triggers, Dr. Rabach says. She lists medications, stress, illness, changes in weather, alcohol consumption, and smoking as some potential culprits. There are no specific irritants (such as ingredients in foods, cosmetics, or detergents) that are known to trigger psoriasis relapses. As a result, treatment plans for patients with psoriasis may include lifestyle changes that help manage and prevent future relapses. Dr. Rabach advises that people eat a [well-balanced diet](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-diet-for-healthy-beautiful-skin), [maintain a healthy body weight](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-fitness-classes-workouts-exercises-to-try-at-home), and [destress](https://aedit.com/aedition/impact-of-stress-on-skin-acne-wrinkles-dryness) whenever possible to stay on top of symptoms. 

### **The Relationship Between Psoriasis & Arthritis**
Around a third of people who have psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis. The condition can develop up to 10 years after a person first experiences skin complaints linked to psoriasis, and experts believe it happens because the immune system begins to attack healthy tissue by mistake. Not everyone who has dermatological symptoms will go on to develop arthritis, but it’s not clear why some people do while others don’t.

To treat psoriatic arthritis, patients are advised to first consult with their primary care physician before being referred to an internist or rheumatologist to manage the condition moving forward. Treatment usually includes the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), which can be particularly effective when taken early on in the degenerative process.  

## **How Is Psoriasis Treated?**
Courses of treatment for psoriasis often involve a combination of topical creams, [light therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-benefits-of-light-therapy), and lifestyle modifications. “The standard of care for patients with psoriasis are topicals consisting of different strengths of steroids and vitamin D cream,” Dr. Rabach explains. “Depending on how much of the body’s surface area is affected, we use light therapy — usually narrowband UVB.” For smaller areas, she uses an excimer laser. 

There is more recent research into whether biological medications, which alter the immune system, can help treat psoriasis, but Dr. Rabach cautions that there is a lack of long-term data to support such options.

## **Patient Perspective**
We spoke to two people who have different experiences of living with psoriasis. Joey is managing an increasing number of relapses, while Sue is experiencing the onset of psoriatic arthritis. 

### **Joey, 32, New York City**
*Joey was diagnosed with psoriasis three years ago. Her first flare-up occurred during a stressful period when she was completing her PhD. Relapses have become increasingly frequent, but she is able to keep symptoms under control working closely with a dermatologist.*

<Dialogue>
  <Question party={The AEDITION}>
    What does psoriasis look like for you?
  </Question>
  <Response party={Joey}>
    My psoriasis symptoms are mostly patchy red rashes that tend to be pretty flakey and sore. I usually get them on my hands, forearms, and back. The ones on my knuckles, in particular, get very painful. It’s something I have lived with for a little while now, so I can spot the very first signs that a relapse is on its way. Because we still haven’t found a treatment that works well for me, I have to see my dermatologist regularly. It also has an impact on me emotionally. It’s a condition that’s not really severe enough for me to consider myself ‘ill,’ but I don’t feel like a completely healthy 30-something anymore, which can be tough at times.
  </Response>
  <Question party={The AEDITION}>
    What treatments have you tried?
  </Question>
  <Response party={Joey}>
    So far, we’ve managed to find some creams that make me more comfortable, but they do not seem to shorten the length of time my flare-ups last. Each time I have a flare-up, we decide whether to stick with what kept me comfortable last time or if we should try something new. It’s quite experimental, but I’m pleased I’m able to manage the discomfort now. On the other hand, the fact that my particular case affects my hands and forearms means that I am self-conscious a lot of the time. It’s something I am working on with a therapist as well as with my dermatologist to approach things from both perspectives.
  </Response>
  <Question party={The AEDITION}>
    How does psoriasis impact your daily life?
  </Question>
  <Response party={Joey}>
    Initially, the impact showed through in my confidence levels. I went from wearing sleeveless tops and dresses to wanting to wear long sleeves all the time. I would dread hot summer days when I’d have to show my skin. These days, it means I spend a lot of time taking care of myself. I have overhauled my diet to eat clean and unprocessed foods. I practice yoga and meditation to manage stress. It isn’t always easy, but I’m finding it easier the longer I live with it. It’s like anything: It’s a shock and quite strenuous to begin with, but, over time, you adapt.
  </Response>
</Dialogue>

### **Sue, 45, Denver, CO**
*Sue was dealing with dermatological symptoms of psoriasis for close to a decade before she began experiencing joint pain. She received a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis after a series of tests and has been adapting her lifestyle and adjusting medication ever since.*

<Dialogue>
  <Question party={The AEDITION}>
    What does psoriasis look like for you?
  </Question>
  <Response party={Sue}>
    Psoriasis has been a part of my life for quite some time, and it’s something I knew I may be at risk of developing because I have a family history of the condition. In the beginning, it was mostly just a few flakey patches of skin from time to time. Gradually, it developed into a more significant problem for me, with the patches getting larger during flare-ups. More recently, joint pain is something I have to live with.
  </Response>
  <Question party={The AEDITION}>
    What treatments have you tried?
  </Question>
  <Response party={Sue}>
    The treatment is two-fold. I see a dermatologist who has found great solutions for the dermatological side of the issue. I have light therapy and also apply a couple of steroid creams that appear to work very well. The joint pain is managed with some relatively mild anti-inflammatory drugs for now, but I have a treatment plan set out in case things get worse.
  </Response>
  <Question party={The AEDITION}>
    How does psoriasis impact your daily life?
  </Question>
  <Response party={Sue}>
    It’s quite a variable thing. I can be fine on some days and in a lot of pain on others. That’s probably the most difficult aspect — not knowing when I’m going to feel alright or not. I have already adapted my lifestyle significantly to prepare for the bad days to become more frequent. I now work for myself so I can set my own pace. When I recently moved, I opted for a single-story house as opposed to one with stairs. On good days, there is no difference between my abilities and anyone else’s, but it’s something that is there in the background that I have to be aware of.
  </Response>
</Dialogue> 

## **The Takeaway**
Like so many skin conditions, living with and treating psoriasis is a very personal experience. Some patients only experience mild dermatological symptoms, while others have more severe flare ups and develop psoriatic arthritis. If you think you might be experiencing skin concerns related to psoriasis, it is important to consult with a board certified dermatologist to create the best treatment plan for your needs.

AEDITION expert perspective-min

Patient Perspective Collection | The AEDITION

Patient Perspective

In honor of World Psoriasis Day, The AEDITION speaks with a board certified dermatologist and patients about their experiences living with and treating the chronic skin condition.

How To Treat And Manage Psoriasis

What It’s Really Like To Live With And Treat Psoriasis

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Summer is upon us, which means you’re likely showing a bit more skin. Pants become shorts and maxidresses and skirts become minis, as our gams finally get their moment in the sun. But, for those who are dealing with a dotted, bumpy, or spotty appearance on their legs, the short hemlines may be unwelcome. To better understand how to treat and prevent the skin conditions that are often deemed ‘strawberry legs,’ we spoke with a board certified dermatologist.

## **What Are ‘Strawberry Legs’?**
“Strawberry legs are the non-specific reference to a visual dotty appearance to the legs, usually around the hair follicles,” says [Nikhil Dhingra, MD](https://springstderm.com/physicians/nikhil-dhingra/), a board certified dermatologist at Spring Street Dermatology in New York City. “[The dots] represent trapping of a variety of common skin elements in and around the hair and oil glands.” As he explains it, the trappings can be made of up of: 

- Keratin (the skin’s main protein)
- Melanin (the source of pigment)
- Sebum (the skin’s natural oil)
- Bacteria (often, natural flora of our skin)

‘Strawberry legs’ is the colloquial term for the dark pores and dots or red bumps that appear primarily on the lower legs because they resemble the seeds of a strawberry. While strawberry legs are not medically harmful, they can be an aesthetic concern. 

## **How to Treat the Causes of Strawberry Legs**
While the appearance of strawberry legs is often the same regardless of what triggered it, there are a number of different causes. Knowing the culprit behind your dotted gams will ensure you are treating the right condition. Below are four of the most common causes of strawberry legs and the best way to treat them. 

### **1. Clogged Pores**
Just like you can get clogged pores on your face, you can also have clogged pores on your legs. Genetics and thicker body hair can cause some people to have larger pores, and, while the pores alone aren’t necessarily troublesome, they can become problematic when they get clogged with bacteria, dead skin, and sebum. [Like a blackhead on the face](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-hormonal-acne-body-acne-cystic-acne-whiteheads-blackheads), when clogged pores on the legs are then exposed to air, the debris dries out and darkens. 

**Treatment Option**: Chemical & Physical Exfoliation 

To treat clogged pores on the legs (or anywhere on the body), borrow a step from your facial skincare routine: exfoliation.“My personal preference for my patients is chemical exfoliation, which uses ingredients like acids and retinols to increase skin cell turnover and declog pores,” Dr. Dhingra says. “What this does is gently remove keratin, oils, and other skin debris, opening up the pores and follicles, which decreases the secondary buildup of bacteria. The bacteria that cause acne and folliculitis thrive in clogged hair follicles with oils, so eliminating that build-up is key.”

He recommends finding a body wash or moisturizer with alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids (specifically, [glycolic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) and [salicylic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-beta-hydroxy-acids-salicylic-acid-in-skincare)) to remove the dead skin cells and other debris that cause clogged pores. “These acids exfoliate in a sufficiently gentle manner by decreasing the ‘stickiness’ of the dead or dying skin cells,” he explains. “This opens up the pores and also brings in a nice textural change and luminosity to the skin.” 

His go-to products include the [Glytone Exfoliating Body Wash](https://www.glytone-usa.com/exfoliating-body-wash) and [Body Lotion](https://www.glytone-usa.com/body-care/creams-lotions/body-lotion), [CeraVe SA Cream](https://www.cerave.com/skincare/moisturizers/sa-cream-for-rough-and-bumpy-skin), and  [Amlactin Daily Moisturizing Body Lotion](https://amlactin.com/products/amlactin-daily). Another pro tip? Dr. Dhingra says to always use a shaving cream or gel and to moisturize after shaving with an oil-free moisturizer to prevent additional build up.

### **2. Folliculitis**
Folliculitis is a common skin condition in which the hair follicles become inflamed or infected. It usually manifests as small red bumps around the hair follicles. In severe cases, people can experience hair loss in the infected area or scarring. But most cases are mild and usually clear up in a few days.

“One thing to keep in mind is that folliculitis is a broad umbrella term that refers to inflammation of the hair follicle,” Dr. Dhingra says. “This can be infectious from bacteria like staphylococcus (staph) or sterile from oil build up or trauma from shaving.” 

**Treatment Option**: Oral & Topical Medication

Folliculitis can be a “tricky condition” to treat, Dr. Dhingra says, which is why he recommends consulting with a board certified dermatologist before attempting any at-home remedies. “Folliculitis can be sterile, where red and pus-filled bumps appear secondary to things like clogged pores and shaving,” he says. “But they can also be a sign of a superficial skin infection with bacteria or yeast like staph and pityrosporum.”

While the former can be easily addressed with over-the-counter products, the latter may require prescriptions like antibiotic lotions or even pills to clear up. “A dermatologist can take a simple swab to identify if there are any organisms to target,” Dr. Dhingra says. “And, if there are, it can save you a lot of hassle and headache of trying to figure out at-home routines that work.”

**Treatment Option**: Antibacterial Skincare

When it comes to at-home treatments, they range from lifestyle changes to skincare. For starters, you’ll want to change out of your sweaty gym clothes as soon as possible and shower soon after. Once in the tub, Dr. Dhingra recommends using an antibacterial soap, like [Hibiclens](https://www.walgreens.com/store/c/hibiclens-antiseptic/antimicrobial-skin-cleanser/ID=prod6186406-product) or [PanOxyl](https://www.target.com/p/panoxyl-acne-foaming-wash-with-10-benzoyl-peroxide-5-5oz/-/A-14984165), to lather up.

**Treatment Option**: Shave Smarter

Additionally, you may want to give your shaving routine a fresh look. In addition to swapping a fancy, multi-blade razor for a disposable one, Dr. Dhingra suggests using a soothing shave cream, like the [Aveeno Therapeutic Shave Gel](https://www.target.com/p/aveeno-therapeutic-shave-gel-with-oat-for-sensitive-skin-7oz/-/A-13404207). “The tradeoff for less bumpy skin here is giving up the closest shave,” he shares. “In my mind, close shaves and folliculitis risk are inversely related.” He also says that you should shave with (rather than against) the grain every two to three shaves. “If push comes to shove and you’re prone to razor bumps, [laser hair removal](https://aedit.com/procedure/laser-hair-removal) with a trained professional will save you a lot of headache in the long run,” he adds.

### **3. Keratosis Pilaris**
Also known as ‘chicken skin,’ keratosis pilaris (KP) is a skin condition that causes tiny bumps to populate on the skin. “Keratosis pilaris is most commonly found on the upper outer arms but can affect the thighs at times,” Dr. Dhingra explains. “This represents a build-up of keratin in the hair follicles.” 

**Treatment Option**: Chemical Exfoliation 

Like clogged pores, chemical exfoliants are often an effective way of treating keratosis pilaris, but prescription-strength skincare may help as well. “Exfoliative acids are my starting remedies for keratosis pilaris,” Dr. Dhingra says. “If those don’t work, a [prescription-grade retinoid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) would be reasonable, but that should be used in conjunction with a certified dermatologist.”

While keratosis pilaris is often a year-round condition, it is typical to experience flare ups in the winter months when the skin is drier. Additionally, swimmers may experience a worsening of the condition due to chlorine and other pool chemicals that dehydrate the skin.

### **4. Dry Skin**
As formerly mentioned, dry skin contributes to a number of skin conditions — and strawberry legs are no exceptions. Dehydrated skin makes you more prone to irritation, especially when shaving. People with dry skin on their lower legs are more likely to experience razor burn, keratosis pilaris, folliculitis, and clogged pores, all of which can lead to a dotted appearance on the legs.

**Treatment Option**: Creams & Moisturizers 

“[Amlactin Daily Moisturizing Body Lotion](https://amlactin.com/products/amlactin-daily) and [CeraVe SA Cream](https://www.cerave.com/skincare/moisturizers/sa-cream-for-rough-and-bumpy-skin) are great starting options for extreme dry skin, especially if there’s a scaly appearance,” Dr. Dhingra shares. Ichthyosis, the medical term for dry, scaly, or thickened skin, does not always respond to traditional creams and moisturizers, which is why a dual-purpose formulation may be required. “Simple moisturizing isn’t always sufficient because there’s a thicker than normal layer of dead skin on the surface,” he explains. “Exfoliative creams gently remove that layer, allowing for thicker moisturizers, like [Aquaphor](https://www.target.com/p/aquaphor-healing-ointment-for-dry-38-cracked-skin-1-75oz/-/A-13287607), to penetrate the healthier layers below.”

## **The Takeaway**
Strawberry legs may be an umbrella term for a number of skin conditions, but there are a number of things that can be done at-home and in-office to both treat and prevent a bumpy or dotted appearance. Before taking treatment into your own hands, be sure to consult with a board certified dermatologist so you can ensure you understand the root cause of your condition. 

AEDITION minimalists-min

Wellness Collection | The AEDITION

Wellness

To better understand how to treat and prevent the dotted, spotted, and bumpy skin conditions that are often deemed ‘strawberry legs,’ The AEDITION speaks with a board certified dermatologist.

How To Treat And Prevent Dotted, Bumpy, Spotted Strawberry Legs

Everything You Need To Know About Strawberry Legs

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We’ve all heard the old wives’ tales about how a greasy meal, bowl of ice cream, or piece of chocolate would lead to breakouts. But are they true? At one time, the relationship between diet and acne was largely dismissed by the scientific community. Today, dermatologists, aestheticians, and nutritionists alike have come to recognize the synergies between the food we eat and the health of our skin.

“Acne is considered an inflammatory condition, so any foods that increase inflammation in the body can cause acne breakouts,” says [Amy Spizuoco, DO](https://aedit.com/provider/amy-spizuoco-19341), a board certified dermatologist in New York City. With that said, diet is rarely the only factor in determining breakouts. “According to compilations of scientific data, certain foods that can increase the severity of acne,” explains New York City-based board certified dermatologist [Morgan Rabach, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/morgan-rabach-md-17913). “But it’s worth pointing out that, in the majority of people, diet alone will not cure acne.” 

For those who deal with [inflammatory acne](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-hormonal-acne-body-acne-cystic-acne-whiteheads-blackheads) (think: pimples, pustules, and cysts), understanding that certain types of food can exacerbate breakouts is an important part of holistically treating the skin condition. Here, The AEDITION breaks down the relationship between diet and acne and the best way to eat for a healthier and, possibly, clearer complexion.

## **The Relationship Between Diet and Acne**
Yes, a plate of French fries isn’t great for your skin (or overall health), but it’s not for the reason you might think. “Interestingly oily foods — like fried foods and chips — have not been shown scientifically to increase acne unless the oil is wiped on the face,” Dr. Rabach says. So, what is the relationship between diet and acne?

“Typically, the more processed or refined a food, the more likely it is to cause breakouts. For example, foods with a high glycemic index — those that raise blood sugar very quickly — will affect two hormones, insulin, and testosterone,” explains [Jennifer Hanway](https://jenniferhanway.com/), a board certified holistic nutritionist. “When testosterone is raised, it increases sebum levels in the skin, making it more oily. When insulin is raised, it can lead to follicular hyperkeratosis, in which excess keratin is produced in the hair follicles and cellular turnover slows down. Oily skin plus blocked follicles can equal acne and breakouts.”

But that’s not all. The relationship between [the gut and the skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/relationship-between-unhealthy-gut-microbiome-skin-conditions) can also come into play. “Foods that trigger an inflammatory reaction in the gut can also lead to breakouts,” Hanway says. “Again, a diet high in processed and refined foods can lead to increased intestinal permeability and an unhealthy microbiome, which can then create food intolerances and a chronic inflammatory response.” Acne, [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter), and [rosacea](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-live-with-and-treat-rosacea) flare ups are all possible side effects of this inflammation. 

### **Foods That Can Trigger Acne**
Generally speaking, foods that are high on the glycemic index are more likely to lead to acne. “A high glycemic diet causes oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to increased levels of hormones and insulin,” Dr. Rabach says. Those fluctuations can trigger increased oil production, which, in turn, can cause acne. If clearer skin is your goal, you’ll likely want to lay off the following foods:

- Sugary, processed foods (think: candy, cookies, sodas)
- Starchy foods (like white bread, pasta, rice)
- Inflammatory fats and oils (i.e. corn, safflower, sunflower, soy, vegetable)
- Dairy products (specifically, low-fat milk, cheese, yogurt)

While there is no clinical evidence to suggest that specific foods trigger acne on specific parts of the face and body, anecdotal evidence often reveals a correlation. “We know that hormonal imbalances cause breakouts along the chin and jawline,” Hanway notes. “In my experience, dairy can trigger forehead breakouts, [while] people who eat a diet high in inflammatory oils will often experience breakouts on their back and shoulders.”

### **Foods That Improve Skin Health**
Just as a poor diet can negatively impact skin health, a nutritious diet can have a positive effect. “The number one recommendation I give to people is to eat a whole foods-based diet, limiting the amount of processed foods and focusing on quality proteins, seven to nine servings of vegetables and fruit a day, and some healthy fats,” Hanway says.

You’ll be hard pressed to find someone who wouldn’t benefit from an anti-inflammatory diet that is rich in fiber, healthy fats, antioxidants, and water and low on processed carbohydrates (read: sugar). With that in mind, consider upping your intake of the following:

- Fibrous foods (bananas, beans, broccoli, apples)
- Healthy fats (avocados, salmon, extra virgin olive oil)
- Antioxidants (berries, citrus, kale, almonds, sweet potatoes)

“Foods that are high in fiber can help lower blood sugar and reduce acne flares, as can foods that decrease inflammation, such as omega-3 fatty acids,” Dr. Spizuoco says. “Foods that contain antioxidants protect cells from damage and infections.”

Additionally, Hanway has identified a few superfoods that she recommends to clients to amplify these skincare benefits. “I love to add in what I call the ‘skin saviors,’ which are collagen protein for skin and gut healing, turmeric and curcumin to lower inflammation, and fermented foods for gut health and minimization of damage from free radicals,” she says.

## **The Takeaway**
While science has come a long way from denying the relationship between diet and acne, it is important to remember that food alone will not determine the quality or health of the skin. “Please note that even a perfect diet cannot cure acne,” Dr. Rabach cautions. “Most acne needs [medicated creams and pills](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-professional-treatments-for-acne-and-acne-scars) to treat.” Even so, consulting with a board certified dermatologist and opting for a well-balanced and nutritious diet can only benefit one’s overall health and well being. When in doubt, remember: “Everything in moderation is, of course, recommended,” Dr. Spizuoco concludes.

We’ve all heard the old wives’ tales about how a greasy meal, bowl of ice cream, or piece of chocolate would lead to breakouts. But are they true? The AEDITION investigates.

How Diet And Food Can Cause Acne And Breakouts

Can Your Diet Really Cause Acne? 

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Whether you’re faced with a stress-related pimple, nose full of blackheads, or jawline dotted with cystic acne, clearer skin is the ultimate goal. You can have an arsenal of acne-fighting products in your vanity, but if you don’t use the right ingredient for your [specific type of acne](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-hormonal-acne-body-acne-cystic-acne-whiteheads-blackheads), you can be doing more harm than good. We spoke with top dermatologists to understand how and when to use the best over-the-counter ingredients on the market.  

## **Over-the-Counter Acne Treatments**
We often think of acne as a beauty issue, but it’s important to treat it as a medical skin condition. Acne manifests on a spectrum ranging from mild congestion of the pores (think: non-inflammatory whiteheads and blackheads) to inflamed pimples, cysts, and nodules. While over-the-counter ingredients can both treat and prevent many kinds of breakouts, the latter end of that spectrum often [warrants professional care](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-professional-treatments-for-acne-and-acne-scars) to avoid scarring, as well as physical and psychological discomfort.

“Acne can be very complex,” says [Nikhil Dhingra, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/nikhil-dhingra-md-17376), a board certified dermatologist at Spring Street Dermatology in New York City. “You have to decide what type of breakouts you’re experiencing. If it’s not clear, then you’re better off working with a dermatologist to figure out what treatments — over-the-counter or otherwise — are appropriate for the type of acne you’re experiencing.”

While it's easier said than done, it's better to prevent acne than treat it. For those prone to breakouts, a daily acne-fighting skincare regimen can be much more effective than relying on spot treatments. “When it comes to spot treatments, you’re treating acne after it’s already reared up its ugly head, instead of preventing pimples from forming,” says [Dendy Engelman, MD](https://www.mdcsnyc.com/provider/dendy-engelman-md), a New York City-based board certified dermatologist. “In essence, you’re always playing catch up with your skin.” Her recommendation: 

1. A double-cleansing ritual using a gentle oil-based cleanser to break down makeup and grime, followed by a cream cleanser to rid residual makeup and sebum
2. A serum or acne treatment 
3. A moisturizer with an oil-free SPF on top

When it comes to over-the-counter acne products, the general rule is for oily and congested (think: prone to whiteheads and blackheads) skin types to use acid- or retinoid-based formulations. For those dealing with inflamed, red pimples or pus bumps, retinoids and antibacterials like benzoyl peroxide are the way to go. Regardless of your condition, patience is the key to success. Once on an anti-acne regimen, give it three months to prove itself. If it’s not working, then it’s time to see your dermatologist.

## **Over-the-Counter Ingredients to Treat Acne**
With the above guidelines in mind, here are the top five OTC acne ingredients that really work.

### **1. The Ingredient: Salicylic Acid**
![Humane-Salicylic-Acid](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/3zNBbnzsHePwwzor0WAGqp/54c058c6dac1ea1b502bd80a865e5633/Humane-Salicylic-Acid.png)
**Best For**: Whiteheads and Blackheads
**How It Works**:  Salicylic acid is a gently exfoliating acid that has antibacterial and anti-comedogenic properties to help regulate cellular turnover, unclog pores, and prevent build up that may lead to acne and inflammation. “It’s also a keratolytic, meaning it dissolves keratin, which allows it to penetrate into the skin and prevent pores from becoming congested,” Dr. Engelman explains.
**OTC Recommendation**: She likes the [Humane Clarifying Toner](https://thehumanecompany.com/products/humane-clarifying-toner). Use it once a day after cleansing and before moisturizing.

### **2. The Ingredient: Benzoyl Peroxide**
![Benzoyl-Peroxide](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/7lsaH9izGcDVsJpdsnlZM4/fbbd4db1d76edda3b8528e1303d25574/Benzoyl-Peroxide.png)
**Best For**: Inflamed or pus-filled pimples; in some cases, cystic acne
**How It Works**: Benzoyl peroxide is an antimicrobial, meaning it helps to destroy acne-causing bacteria. It also helps to decrease inflammation and keep pores clean over time.  It’s one of the most tried-and-true ingredients used to fight acne. 
**OTC Recommendation**: Over-the-counter benzoyl peroxide can be found at 10 percent potency, but dermatologists recommend starting slowly with 2.5 percent or 5 percent in order to avoid irritation. We like [Paula’s Choice Daily Skin Clearing Treatment](https://www.paulaschoice.com/clear-extra-strength-daily-skin-clearing-treatment-with-5pct-benzoyl-peroxide/611.html) as an all over lotion. For a spot treatment, we like [Neutrogena On-The-Spot Acne Treatment](https://www.target.com/p/neutrogena-on-the-spot-acne-treatment-0-75oz/-/A-13337868) and [Proactiv Emergency Blemish Relief](https://www.proactiv.com/en_us/PA1A2298.html?), which contain 5 percent benzoyl peroxide.
 
### **3. The Ingredient: Tea Tree Oil**
![Tea-Tree](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/6aUTGsD1VtIwX4oe9EjuUu/77442705a921eaa4c82a0789f8938fff/Tea-Tree.png)
**Best For**: Mild to moderate acne 
**How It Works**: This all-natural oil is extracted from a tree native to Australia known as the Melaleuca alternifolia. [Studies show](https://cmr.asm.org/content/19/1/50) that it naturally contains antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Because of this, it can treat a wide range of acne from whiteheads and blackheads to inflamed pimples. Unlike other acne ingredients — which tend to have side effects of dryness and irritation — tea tree oil is moisturizing.
**OTC Recommendation**: Whatever you do, don’t dig into your collection of essential oils and apply tea tree oil directly to your skin. It can cause severe irritation. Instead, dampen a cotton ball with water and add a drop of tea tree oil to use as a toner or spot treatment. It’s also safe to use a product that contains tea tree oil in it, like [The Body ShopClearing Foaming Cleanser](https://www.thebodyshop.com/en-us/collection/tea-tree-oil-for-skin/tea-tree-skin-clearing-foaming-cleanser/p/p000811) or [Tea Tree Skin Clearing Body Wash](https://www.thebodyshop.com/en-us/collection/tea-tree-oil-for-skin/tea-tree-skin-clearing-body-wash/p/p000040).

### **4. The Ingredient: Vitamin A Derivatives**
![Differin-Vitamin-A](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/6LgemCwdNLtjSSQHbnOZGe/4fcbd41d7b210f21a4c8b55d015a857b/Differin-Vitamin-A.png)
**Best For**: Moderate to severe acne, including cystic
**How It Works**: Retinoids have become the go-to [vitamin A derivative](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) for stimulating cellular turnover. Not only do they exfoliate the skin and boost collagen production, they also help to break the cycle of acne by keeping the pores unclogged.  
**OTC Recommendation**: Dr. Dhingra recommends starting with [Differin Gel](https://www.target.com/p/differin-adapalene-gel-0-1-acne-treatment-15g/-/A-51346324), which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for over-the-counter use in 2016. Since it only contains 1 percent adapalene, it’s safe and effective for all skin types. “If you’re getting scarring or predominantly painful, red, pus-filled bumps, you’re better off getting a prescription from a dermatologist, as adapalene can be too mild to be thoroughly effective,” he cautions.
 
### **5. The Ingredient: Sulfur**
![Sulfur](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/aYPfWfRfqwX6KGO8aoi0o/efb51c9e93c16a703b299b7866d8761f/Sulfur.png)
**Best For**: Inflamed acne
**How It Works**: Sulfur is a popular ingredient used to treat all types of skin inflammation.  When it comes to acne, it’s a gentle yet effective ingredient used to reduce swelling and is “particularly effective for patients doing medical-grade acne treatments,” Dr. Dhingra says. These patients often have cystic acne and use OTC products with sulfur to help treat their condition.
**OTC Recommendation**: Try using a mask like [Sunday Riley Saturn Sulfur Acne Treatment Mask](https://www.sephora.com/product/saturn-sulfur-acne-treatment-mask-P422626) or [Peter Thomas Roth Therapeutic Sulfur Mask](https://www.sephora.com/product/therapeutic-sulfur-masque-acne-treatment-masque-P3617) once per week.
 
## **The Takeaway**
Acne comes with many complexities and nuances to diagnose and manage, but there is a lot that can be done to treat and prevent it with over-the-counter products. The key to finding the right OTC treatment is knowing what kind of acne you have. If you’re dealing with moderate to severe acne or are unsure of what type you're dealing with, it’s best to seek advice from a board certified dermatologist. 

AEDITION for men-min

Expert Opinion Collection | The AEDITION

Expert Opinion

The AEDITION asked top dermatologists to break down the most effective over-the-counter skincare ingredients to treat and prevent all types of acne.

Best Over-The-Counter Skincare Ingredients To Treat Acne, Blackheads, Whiteheads

5 Over-The-Counter Acne Ingredients That Really Work

marc-fanelli-isla-OZQG7Vf8tmo-unsplash

Summertime and living is easy? Well, not if you’re prone to pimples, as many can attest. While summer brings with it longer days and more time outdoors (hello, beautiful sunshine!) it also comes with sweat, humidity, and the oh-so-dreaded breakouts. Experiencing a higher level of acne breakouts during the summer is extremely common on both the face *and* the body. While the flare ups are undoubtedly annoying, it is also very treatable. Since June is [Acne Awareness Month](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/acne) – and the official start of summer – The AEDITION spoke with leading dermatologists for tips on how to treat and prevent summer breakouts from head to toe. 

## **What Causes Acne Flare Ups in the Summer?** 
“Heat and humidity cause increased sweat and oil production in the skin leading to clogged pores and increased breakouts,” says [Morgan Rabach, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/morgan-rabach-md-17913), a New York City-based board certified cosmetic dermatologist. While the culprits behind those comedones and cysts are primarily rising temperatures mixed with humidity, your skincare routine may not be helping matters. “The use of winter skincare, such as oil-based emollients, can be too thick for summer months,” explains board certified dermatologist [Amy Spizuoco, DO](https://aedit.com/provider/amy-spizuoco-19341). 

## **Treating Acne In The Summer** 
Don’t let this trifecta of heat, humidity, and occlusive beauty products undermine your lazy, hazy, crazy days of summer (while [lathered in sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-apply-sunscreen-and-not-miss-a-spot), of course). Here are five ways to beat summer breakouts. 

### **1. Change Your Skincare**
Just like you put your turtlenecks and sweaters away for the summer, you should move your winter skincare routine into semi-retirement. “You should use lighter, water-based ‘lotions,’ not oil-based ‘creams,’” Dr. Spizuoco says. Humectants like [hyaluronic acid (HA)](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyaluronic-acid-in-skincare-dermal-filler), for example, offer hydration without the risk of clogging pore — especially when paired with clarifying products.

Dr. Rabach suggests using a cleanser with salicylic acid (we’re fans of the [La Roche-Posay Effaclar Medicated Gel Cleanser](https://www.ulta.com/effaclar-medicated-gel-cleanser-acne-prone-skin?productId=xlsImpprod11241001)) to break down impurities followed by a toner (like [Glossier Solution](https://www.glossier.com/products/solution))  to dry up oil. Gentle-yet-effective exfoliating products are also key. “Exfoliators with alpha and beta hydroxy acids and retinoids can help,” she says. [Retinol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), one of the most common forms of vitamin A, increases cell turnover and decreases the likelihood of acne (in addition to treating fine lines and wrinkles), but it can increase sensitivity to the sun. If you’ve never used a retinol before, consider waiting until fall to introduce and try [AHAs and BHAs](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) instead. 

When it comes to applying both the morning and evening skincare routines, layer your products by their weight starting with the lightest (toners and serums) and building up to the heaviest (lotions and sunscreen) before proceeding to makeup. 

### **2. Swap Out Your Sunscreen**
Speaking of sunscreen, it’s a non-negotiable. But, for those with acne-prone skin, the idea of slathering on a greasy SPF sounds anything but enjoyable. Dr. Spizuoco suggests using an oil-free sunscreen (try [Supergoop Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40](https://supergoop.com/products/unseen-sunscreen)) and washing your face, chest, and back more frequently to prevent breakouts. Powder-based sunscreen formulas, like the [Brush On Block Translucent Mineral Powder Sunscreen](https://brushonblock.com/collections/order-brush-on-block/products/brush-on-block), can also provide a lightweight option for touching up (and mattifying!) the skin.

### **3. Update Your Makeup Routine** 
We recommend approaching your [aesthetic needs by season](https://aedit.com/aedition/invasive-plastic-surgery-non-invasive-cosmetic-procedures-for-summer), and beauty products are no exception. “Mineral makeup is best to prevent breakouts,” Dr. Spizuoco says, adding that you should avoid using “heavy, thick products” during the warm-weather months. High quality mineral makeup ([bareMinerals](https://www.bareminerals.com/), [Jane Iredale](https://janeiredale.com), and [PÜR](https://www.purcosmetics.com) to name a few) is usually free of oil, fragrance, wax, and other additives that clog pores. As for the products to avoid, steer clear of any ingredient that might cause irritation such as fragrance, emollients, and sulfates, which will only further aggravate the skin.

### **4. Drink More Water** 
It may seem counterintuitive, but oily skin does not equate to hydrated skin. In fact, dehydration can lead to increased oil production and, in turn, more breakouts. From a dry scalp to flaky knees, the water intake — or lack thereof — shows up on the skin. Staying hydrated is a requirement year-round, but increased sweating in the summertime makes compliance particularly important.

### **5. Don’t Forget Your Body** 
Summer breakouts aren’t limited to your face, and there are plenty of products available to help treat body acne. “Fruit enzyme and salicylic acid washes can help keep pores from getting clogged,” Dr. Spizuoco shares. Chest and back acne are normal and can often be treated with exfoliating bodycare ([AmLactin](https://amlactin.com/), [Clinique](https://www.sephora.com/product/acne-solutions-cleansing-face-body-soap-P196524), [Herbivore](https://www.herbivorebotanicals.com/collections/body-1/products/soap-trio), and [Paula’s Choice](https://www.paulaschoice.com/clear-acne-body-spray/624.html) are great over-the-counter options) and more frequent showers. If the condition proves more difficult to treat, “oral antibiotics prescribed under the care of a board certified dermatologist” will likely do the trick, Dr. Rabach says.

## **How To Prevent Summer Breakouts**
It’s far easier to prevent breakouts than it is to treat them, so Dr. Spizuoco recommends having a plan of attack to help the skin adjust just in time for summer’s heat and humidity. “Avoid using products with fragrances,” she explains. Though [aromatic beauty products](https://aedit.com/aedition/fragrance-free-beauty-skincare-for-sensitive-skin) sound lovely, the added fragrance can cause rashes, itchiness, and hives. Changing out of sweaty clothes as soon as possible is a good way to prevent body acne, as is finding the right balance between keeping the skin clean and overwashing. Too much cleansing can be counterproductive. “Avoid exfoliating too often, which can lead to [mechanical acne](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-prevent-acne-caused-by-covid-19-masks-face-coverings) caused by friction and irritation,” explains Dr. Spizuoco. “Keep skin hydrated but not overly moist.”   

## **The Takeaway**
An increase in oil production and sweat during the summer causes clogged pores that need to be treated differently than how they would be during the cold, dry months. Taking a more seasonal approach to both your beauty and skincare routines, cleansing often, and staying hydrated are just a few of the ways to keep skin clear and radiant year-round. Acne and breakouts do not discriminate by age, race, or gender, and consulting with a board certified dermatologist can ensure you are on the right treatment plan for your skin concerns.

Experiencing more acne in the summer and not on just the face? Here, dermatologists break down the best way to avoid breaking out as the mercury rises.

How To Treat Acne On The Face And Body In The Summer

How To Avoid Breaking Out In The Summer

shutterstock 1241122186

It’s the stuff of coming-of-age novels and beloved TV series. Oh, and they happen to everyone. We’re talking about BLEMISHES. 

“We’ve all had the same horrifying experience during puberty or early adulthood — fretting over the pimple which appeared overnight, applying ointments, creams, and lotions in the hopes of reducing the size and appearance of the spot,” says New York City-based board certified plastic surgeon, [Ryan Neinstein, MD](https://neinsteinplasticsurgery.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwzZj2BRDVARIsABs3l9K1d7AMjKa6_zjzqG1V9xDivsN3frBctC1F6BvWD2xYLBrWW-Mr0b4aAsqkEALw_wcB). Not just a teenage condition, acne can impact men and women alike well into adulthood. And, if that is not enough, acne can leave behind a pesky parting gift: [acne scars](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-acne-scars). 

According to [research published in The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749614/), 80 percent of people between the ages of 11 and 30 years have been affected by acne vulgaris and the vast majority have experienced some degree of acne scarring. The scarring is most common on the face, neck, and back. 

While over-the-counter and prescription lotions and potions can do the job, treating active acne lesions and post-breakout scarring sometimes calls for professional attention. Fortunately, there are treatments available in both dermatology and plastic surgery offices that can help heal and improve the appearance of the affected skin. “A multi-modal approach tailored to each patient greatly improves the efficacy of treatment and the patient’s final appearance,” Dr. Neinstein says. Below are some of the best in-office treatments for acne and acne scars.

## **In-Office Acne Treatments**
For the uninitiated, [acne vulgaris](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-hormonal-acne-body-acne-cystic-acne-whiteheads-blackheads) is an inflammatory process affecting the pilosebaceous units of the face, chest, shoulders, and back. A pilosebaceous unit consists of a hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and a small arrector pili muscle. These units normally produce sebum and keratin. But when production is altered, a pimple or comedone can form. If bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes (a.k.a. P. acnes) get into the affected pore, the area of around the pilosebaceous unit becomes inflamed and red. To treat active acne lesions, an array of resurfacing and therapeutic treatments can be employed.

### **1. Light Therapy**
New York City-based board certified plastic surgeon [Jennifer Levine, MD](https://drjenniferlevine.com/), likes to use a device by Nordlys™ called Ellipse IPL™ to treat current breakouts and prevent future ones. Like other [intense pulsed light (IPL)](https://aedit.com/procedure/ipl) treatments, it uses narrow bands of light to kill bacteria and target the red discoloration of active acne. “This treats active lesions, and also prevents new acne from erupting, which then leads to less scarring,” Dr. Levine says. The procedure is good for [Fitzpatrick skin types I through IV](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types), but it is not suitable for darker skin tones, she notes. Three to five treatments are required for best results (which are long lasting), though some maintenance may be required, Dr. Levine says. 

Another [form of light therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-benefits-of-light-therapy) that can banish breakouts? Blue light. [Jessica Weiser, MD](https://www.weiserskin.com/), a board certified dermatologist and founder of Weiser Skin in New York City, recommends Celluma blue LED light therapy to reduce P. acnes bacteria on the surface of the skin.

### **2. Microdermabrasion**
[Microdermabrasion](https://aedit.com/procedure/crystal-microdermabrasion) can be helpful to encourage skin turnover and decongest pores and small comedones — all of which speeds up the acne healing process while warding off future breakouts, Dr. Weiser says. 

### **3. Lasers**
At his New York City practice, board certified cosmetic dermatologist [Paul Jarrod Frank, MD](https://pfrankmd.com/), recommends the Aerolase laser to treat acne, inflammation, and the marks left behind. Treatments can be scheduled every two weeks and there is no downtime, he says. Additionally, a [Laser Genesis](https://aedit.com/procedure/nonablative-fractional-lasers) facial coupled with [cryotherapy](https://aedit.com/procedure/cryofacial) can do wonders to calm and soothe the skin. The combination treatment is “good to calm irritated, inflamed acne,” Dr. Frank says, thanks to the duality of the anti-bacterial and anti-redness laser with cold therapy. It takes 10 minutes, has no downtime, and provides results in as soon as 24 hours, he adds. 

### **4. Extractions**
You may be tempted to take pimple popping into your own hands, but extractions are best left to the professionals. “Medical-grade sterile acne extractions are an important component of a comprehensive acne treatment regimen,” Dr. Weiser says. 

## **In-Office Acne Scar Treatments**
Depending on the severity, acne patients may experience scarring and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in the aftermath of a breakout. “At times, inflammatory acne lesions can lead to long-lasting or permanent changes in pigmentation and scarring of the affected skin,” Dr. Neinstein says. “Multi-modal or combination treatments work to correct changes in pigmentation as well as scarring.”

### **5. Microneedling**
Known for its ability to improve skin tone and texture, [microneedling](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling) has shown promise as a treatment for acne scars. The tiny needles cause small areas of injury, which stimulate collagen production in the area. “This is beneficial since acne scarring is often due to a localized depletion of collagen,” Dr. Neinstein explains. 

While microneedling works well alone, it works even better when paired with additional modalities. Both Dr. Neinstein and Dr. Weiser say new devices that couple [microneedling with radiofrequency](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling-with-radiofrequency) offer an added benefit. As the needles enter the dermis, a pulse of energy is applied to further assist in the remodeling process. [Platelet-rich plasma (a.k.a. PRP)](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling-with-prp), meanwhile, can boost results, too. “Recent research has shown a significant improvement to acne-scarred skin when PRP was applied compared to microneedling alone,” Dr. Neinstein says. These therapies have minimal discomfort and very little downtime. 

### **6. Lasers**
Not just for active acne, Dr. Levine uses the non-ablative Nordlys™ Frax 1550 to resurface the skin. “There are many types of acne scars —ice pick, rolling, caters, etc. — so it requires multiple treatments,” Dr. Levine says. “And you may need to change the settings or passes in different areas.” Like the Ellipse IPL™, it is best for skin types I, II, III, and IV. Multiple sessions are required for best results, and “the treatment lasts as long as there is no new scarring from active acne,” Dr. Levine says. 

### **7. Dermal Filler**
A treatment option for depressed acne scars is injectable [dermal filler](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-dermal-fillers). “These are particularly effective in treating ice pick and boxcar scars,” Dr. Neinstein says. An experienced injector will have knowledge of numerous fillers and their associated characteristics and potential collagen-building properties. “Each filler has a different lifespan within the skin,” he explains. “Numerous fillers have been shown to stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts, which will also improve the appearance and character of the damaged skin.”

### **8. Facial Fat Grafting**
For those who prefer autologous fat to fillers, [facial fat grafting](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-really-like-to-get-facial-fat-grafting) is another option. Fat cells (the smaller components of adipose tissue) are injected into the scars to improve volume. “This has shown promise in improving both the depth of scars as well as the skin quality,” Dr. Neinstein says. A sample of fat (often from the abdomen or thigh) is obtained using local anesthesia, the fat is processed, and it is then injected into the treatment areas in a manner similar to that of dermal filler, he explains. “Filtration of the fat to obtain smaller particles, such as stem cells, has been shown to rejuvenate and improve the overall appearance of the affected skin,” Dr. Neinstein explains. 

### **9. Chemical Peels**
Available in [superficial](https://aedit.com/procedure/superficial-chemical-peels), [medium](https://aedit.com/procedure/medium-depth-chemical-peels), and [deep](https://aedit.com/procedure/deep-chemical-peels) concentrations, chemical peels promote skin turnover, enhance healing, and reduce the pigmentation and discoloration caused by acne. They can improve skin tone and texture to restore a healthy, even complexion, Dr. Weiser says. 

### **10. Punch Excision**
Violence is never the answer, but Dr. Neinstein says a punch excision is a tried-and-true option for treating ice pick and boxcar scars. This procedure involves a small punch just larger than the scar made in the skin. “The small punch wound is then sutured with a single stitch or left to heal without a suture,” he says. 

## **The Takeaway**
When OTC and prescription topicals aren’t doing the trick, there are professional procedures that can help heal and prevent active acne and improve the appearance of scars. Consulting with a board certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon will ensure you’re on the best treatment regimen for your skin concerns.

While lotions and potions sometimes get the job done, treating active acne lesions and post-breakout scarring sometimes calls for professional attention. Here are some of the best in-office treatments for acne and acne scars.

Best Professional Treatments For Acne And Acne Scars

10 In-Office Treatments For Acne And Acne Scars

shutterstock 1083859292

Let’s be real: Acne is the great equalizer. Like it or not, most of us have — at some point or another — dealt with it. Whether it’s cystic, adolescence-related, or the hormonal acne that can affect us well into our twenties, thirties, and forties, just about everyone has a relationship with acne that ranges from casual to decades-long. 

Fortunately, there is much that can be done to heal and even prevent active breakouts, so long as you know what kind of acne you are treating. Here, a guide to the different types of acne that can crop up on the face and body alongside direct-from-the-dermatologist tips on how to address it from an ingredient, product, and prescription perspective. 

## **1. Comedones**
While ‘comedone’ is the technical term, you most likely know this type of non-inflammatory acne as ‘blackheads’ and ‘whiteheads.’ As such, there are two types of comedones:
 
1. **Closed Comedones** (a.k.a. whiteheads): Non-inflammatory lesions that form when the pore closes on top of a buildup of sebum and dead skin cells, resulting in a small — usually white — bump.
2. **Open Comedones** (a.k.a. blackheads): Non-inflammatory lesions that occur when the pore remains open despite being clogged with excess oil and dead skin cells, causing a dark-colored spot on the surface of the skin.

“They are variations of congested pores filled with compacted dead skin cells, primarily keratin proteins and sebum,” says [Jessica Weiser, MD](https://www.weiserskin.com/), a board certified dermatologist and founder of Weiser Skin in New York City. “Open comedones are true blackheads — clogged pores with dilated openings at the skin surface — whereas closed comedones have the same compacted keratin plug, but a thin layer of skin typically obstructs the follicle opening.”

As Connecticut-based board certified dermatologist [Mona Gohara, MD](https://dermatologyofct.com/about/our-providers/mona-gohara-m-d/), explains, comedonal acne often affects teenagers due to increased oil production. “This is typical around puberty,” she says. But adults can deal with blackheads and whiteheads, too. “They can also form from skincare that is too occlusive, hair products, and friction from clothing that is too tight,” Dr. Gohara adds. 

### **Recommended Treatments for Comedones** 

- Vitamin A derivatives (think: retinol and retinoids)
- Alpha Hydroxy Acids (i.e. glycolic acid)
- Beta Hydroxy Acids (read: salicylic acid)
- Azelaic Acid
- Benzoyl Peroxide

One thing all our experts agree on? Comedonal acne is best treated with topical [vitamin A derivatives](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), like prescription retinoids and over-the-counter retinols. “I think of [topical retinoids] as pipe cleaners for your skin,” says [Joshua Zeichner, MD](http://www.zeichnerdermatology.com/), a board certified dermatologist and director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. “At the same time, they help reduce inflammation.” 

Dr. Gohara, for one, is a fan of over-the-counter [Differin](https://www.target.com/p/differin-adapalene-gel-0-1-acne-treatment-15g/-/A-51346324) and prescription Retin-A and Tazorac. [Altreno](https://www.altreno.com/) is another prescription-strength option that is specifically formulated for sensitive skin. While many vitamin A derivatives can be irritating, Altreno “contains hydrating ingredients that reduce potential irritation,” Dr. Zeichner says. On the OTC retinol front, Dr. Weiser recommends [Skin Better AlphaRet Overnight Cream](https://skinbetter.com/products/rejuvenate-alpharet-overnight-cream/), [Allies of Skin 1A Retinal + Peptides Overnight Mask](https://www.dermstore.com/product_1A+Retinal+Peptides+Overnight+Mask_73733.htm), and [SkinCeuticals Retinol 1.0](https://www.dermstore.com/product_Retinol+10+Maximum+Strength+Refining+Night+Cream_4505.htm). 

If retinoids and retinol are not for you, most exfoliating ingredients should do the trick. Since this type of acne is primarily due to blockage of the follicle, New York City-based board certified dermatologist [Sejal Shah, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/sejal-shah-md-17984), generally recommends using products featuring ingredients that increase cell turnover like hydroxy acids and azelaic acid. She likes [La Roche Posay Effaclar Medicated Gel Face Cleanser](https://www.target.com/p/la-roche-posay-effaclar-medicated-gel-face-cleanser-for-acne-prone-skin-6-76-fl-oz/-/A-16452472) and [Nip + Fab Salicylic Fix Pads](https://www.nipandfab.com/us/skincare/range/teen-skin-fix-salicylic-acid/teen-skin-salicylic-acid-day-pads). Benzoyl peroxide is another good option, says Dr. Gohara, adding that non-comedogenic products are a must for those prone to comedonal acne. “It should say that on the label,” she shares. 
 
If you’re looking for [cleaner formulas](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-clean-green-natural-mean-for-beauty-makeup-skincare-products) that are just as effective at eradicating non-inflammatory acne, try the [Orveda Cleansing Bamboo & Enzymatic Water](https://orveda.com/us/cleansing-bamboo-enzymatic-water) to remove makeup. The [Susanne Kaufmann Tonic Clarifying](https://skinbiologique.com/products/susanne-kaufmann-tonic-clarifying), meanwhile, is a great pick to refresh the complexion and reduce inflammation. To finish off this clean routine, apply the [African Botanics Neroli Infused Marula Oil](https://credobeauty.com/products/african-botanics-neroli-infused-marula-oil) morning and night to balance oily skin. 
 
## **2. Hormonal Acne**
Not just for teenagers, hormonal acne can stay with women well into their late thirties and forties, Dr. Gohara says. Unlike the superficial nature of non-inflammatory comedones, Dr. Weiser explains that hormonal acne is often “deep, painful cystic papules or nodules” that appear on the jaw, chin, and neck. “Hormonal breakouts are triggered by internal hormones levels including androgens (testosterone) and cortisol (stress hormone) levels,” she notes, which means oral contraceptives can both cause *and* treat it.

### **Recommended Treatments for Hormonal Acne**

- Oral medications like Sprionolactone and Accutane
- Oral Contraceptives
- Blue Light Therapy
- Chemical Peels
- Laser Treatments

There isn’t all that much that can be done at home to treat hormonal acne because the lesions occur deep beneath the surface of the skin and very rarely ever come to the surface, Dr. Weiser says. “Warm compresses can be helpful at reducing swelling,” she explains. “But these lesions are more likely to rupture under the skin surface, further worsening the inflammation and swelling and risking a larger and more serious skin infection.”
 
While OTC products tend to not work for this type of acne, there are prescription oral medications that offer some relief. “Prescription treatments that internally control hormones — such as [spironolactone](https://aedit.com/procedure/spironolactone-for-acne-treatment) and certain types of oral contraceptives — are generally the most effective ways to control this hormonally-driven acne,” Dr. Weisner says. Isotretinoin (a.k.a. [Accutane](https://aedit.com/procedure/spironolactone-for-acne-treatment)) is another option.

When it comes to in-office procedures, [blue light therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-benefits-of-light-therapy), [chemical peels, and laser treatments](https://aedit.com/aedition/chemical-peel-vs-laser-treatment-what-is-best-for-your-skin) can all be effective in treating hormonal acne.
 
## **3. Body Acne**
Typically caused by friction (often from athletic gear) and not changing out of clothing after working out, Dr. Gohara says that body acne is most common on the chest, shoulders, and back. Appearing in the form of non-inflammatory comedones and inflammatory pustules and papules, body breakouts can impact men and women of all ages. “While body acne is quite common in puberty and teens, it can also afflict adult men and women, especially those who naturally sweat excessively or exercise intensely,” Dr. Weiser says. She adds that it’s important to cleanse skin immediately after sweating to prevent sebum, bacteria, and debris from sitting on the surface of the skin for prolonged periods.

### **Recommended Treatments for Body Acne**

- Topical Salicylic Acid and Benzoyl Peroxide 
- Oral medications

The treatments that body acne responds to depends on the type of lesions, Dr. Shah notes. “If mild or mild-moderate, it may respond to topical treatments,” she says. “But more moderate to severe body acne may require oral medication.”
 
To treat mild to moderate body acne, Dr. Gohara recommends body washes formulated with benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid body washes, like the [CeraVe SA Body Wash](https://www.amazon.com/CeraVe-Salicylic-Ounce-Fragrance-Exfoliate/dp/B077TWXCQV). In addition to BHA-spiked washes, Dr. Weiser says to look for a combination of products that contain antimicrobial ingredients and retinol to control oil glands. She likes [Murad Acne Control Body Wash](https://www.murad.com/product/acne-body-wash/) and [ZO Skin Health Oil Control Acne Pads](https://zoskinhealth.com/products/getting-skin-ready/acne-treatment-pads).
 
## **4. Nodules or Cystic Acne**
Cysts refer to swollen, red pimples that manifest as both small pustules (a pus-filled whitehead) at the skin surface and deeper lesions beneath the skin. Inflammatory acne occurs as a result of bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes, known as P. acnes) in the lesions that triggers the body to form an immune reaction. “These lesions often still begin as clogged pores due to excess oil production that become secondarily infected with bacteria,” Dr. Weiser says. Those who deal with cystic acne and nodules are typically predisposed to it. Dr. Gohara says that this type of acne is hormonal and “often this is a genetic factor.”

### **Recommended Treatments for Cystic Acne**

- Topical products with Benzoyl Peroxide, Retinoids, Sulfur, and Hydroxy Acids
- Oral medications like Sprionolactone and Accutane 
- Steroid Injections

Due to the severity of this acne, cysts and nodules generally require combination therapy, as medications and topical treatments alone are usually not effective. “It may be helpful to use topical benzoyl peroxide products, such as [PanOxyl Acne Foaming Wash](https://www.target.com/p/panoxyl-acne-foaming-wash-with-10-benzoyl-peroxide-5-5oz/-/A-14984165), retinoids, or hydroxy acids,” Dr. Shah says. “But often this type of acne responds better to oral medications — spironolactone in women and isotretinoin.”

Dr. Weiser notes that treatment of inflammatory acne involves antimicrobial therapy to address the bacterial component and treatment of the underlying oil production and congestion. “Look for products that contain antibacterial sulfur and probiotics, in addition to prescription-strength antibacterial topical medications,” she says. Her picks include [111Skin 3 Phase Anti Blemish Booster](https://www.spacenk.com/us/en_US/skincare/treatment/blemish-acne-treatment/3-phase-anti-blemish-booster-MUK300051736.html) and [Eminence Clear Skin Probiotic Mask](https://eminenceorganics.com/us/product/clear-skin-probiotic-masque). 
 
For acutely inflamed lesions, Dr. Shah says that steroid injections can also be helpful.

## **The Takeaway**
Whether you are dealing with acne on the face or body, there is much that can be done to speed up the healing process and — with regular maintenance — prevent it from recurring. Topical retinoids, hydroxy acids, and benzoyl peroxide can be used to effectively treat non-inflammatory comedonal acne (think: blackheads and whiteheads). When it comes to treating inflammatory hormonal, body, and cystic acne, a combination of topical skincare (OTC and prescription), oral medication, and professional procedures may be needed. Consulting with a board certified dermatologist will ensure you receive the best treatment regimen for your acne.


A guide to the different types of acne that can crop up on the face and body — and direct-from-the-dermatologist tips on how to treat and prevent it.

How To Treat Hormonal Acne, Body Acne, Cystic Acne, Whiteheads, Blackheads

How To Treat The Most Common Types Of Face And Body Acne

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Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in the United States — but even the sobering statistics don’t tell the full story. [According to the American Cancer Society](https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2020/cancer-facts-and-figures-2020.pdf), the actual number of the two most common types of skin cancer (i.e. non-melanoma basal cell and squamous cell) are difficult to estimate because cases are not required to be reported to cancer registries. 

Invasive melanoma, meanwhile, accounts for just about one percent of skin cancer cases, but it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Melanoma most often affects non-Hispanic whites, but skin cancer does not discriminate. The [Skin Cancer Foundation reports](https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/) that one in five Americans will develop skin cancer by the age of 70.

Even so, there is so much that can be done to combat the disease. Early detection is key, and the [American Cancer Society says](https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2020/cancer-facts-and-figures-2020.pdf) that many of the more than five million skin cancer cases diagnosed each year could be prevented with safe sun habits and regular screenings. That’s why we’re here to help. You may have already seen our [guide to professional skin cancer screenings with a dermatologist](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-skin-cancer-screenings-mole-checks), and at-home skin checks are an equally important part of the skin cancer prevention process.

So, how often should you be checking for changes to your skin and what is the most efficient way to do so? The AEDITION asks the experts.

## **How Often You Should Conduct At-Home Skin Cancer Screenings**
A [study published in the May 2018 issue of JAMA Dermatology](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2678687) found that patients who routinely perform self skin examinations — coupled with regular whole-body physician skin checks — are more likely to be diagnosed with thinner (read: less dangerous) melanoma. Additionally, those patients have a better prognosis and survival rate. 

It should come as no surprise then that the [Skin Cancer Foundation recommends](https://www.skincancer.org/early-detection/self-exams/) monthly at-home skin checks. “I recommend patients examine themselves at home once a month, so that they can get to know their body,” says [Samer Jaber, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/samer-jaber-md-3882), a board certified dermatologist and founder of [Washington Square Dermatology](http://www.washingtonsqderm.com/) in New York City. “It helps them catch something quickly if it changes.” 

## **What to Look For During At-Home Skin Cancer Screenings**
In order to know what to look for during a self-exam, you need to understand the characteristics of skin cancer. “There are three most common forms of skin cancer,” says [Julie Russak, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/julie-russak-md-4645), a board certified dermatologist and founder of [Russak Dermatology Clinic](http://www.russakdermatology.com/) in New York City. “Ane it’s important to know the early signs for all of them.” Here’s what to be on the lookout for:

- **Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)**: The most common form of skin cancer, BCC can present as a non-healing pimple that is often pearly in appearance. “If you notice a sore that is not healing for longer than usual — up to three weeks — pay attention to it,” Dr. Russak says.
- **Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)**: The second most common form of skin cancer, SCC often presents as a red, dry patch. Dr. Russak refers to it as an “eczema-like” effect on “sun damaged skin” and adds that it can also have a scab and bleed on its own.
- **Melanoma**: As mentioned above, melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its ability to spread, and it typically presents as an irregular mole or birthmark.

In the case of melanoma, the [ABCDE rule of skin cancer](https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/melanoma-warning-signs-and-images/) should be considered during skin checks (both professional and at-home). “A mole that is growing asymmetrically, has border irregularities, or is changing in size or color, can indicate the development of skin cancer,” Dr. Russak says. The ABCDEs include: 

- **A – Asymmetry**: Growth is asymmetrical
- **B – Border**: Rough or jagged edges
- **C – Color**: Various shades of brown, tan, black, red, white, or blue
- **D – Diameter**: Larger than six millimeters (think: a pencil eraser)
- **E – Evolving**: Changing, growing, bleeding, etc.

At the end of the day, self-exams are all about monitoring the body for changes — whether it’s the evolution of an existing spot or the advent of a new one. “Patients should look for anything that has changed, grown larger, become darker, or doesn’t heal,” says [Cheryl Karcher, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/cheryl-karcher-md-4323), a board certified dermatologist and co-founder of [Center Aesthetic & Dermatology](https://www.centeraesthetic.com/) in New York City. 

Dr. Jaber agrees, encouraging patients to keep an eye out for the so-called [ugly duckling](https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/melanoma-warning-signs-and-images/). “The most important thing to look out for is if a spot on the body is changing, itching, burning, bleeding, or looks different from the others,” he says. “This is called the ‘ugly duckling’ sign.”
 
## **How to Conduct At-Home Skin Cancer Screenings**
Now that you know what to look for, it’s time to learn how to conduct a self-examination. While you’ll ultimately need to find a process that works best for you, our experts have a few tips ensuring your check is both simple and effective.

“I like to do it systematically — starting at the head and ending with the toes,” Dr. Karcher shares. Needless to say, a mirror (or two!) will be required, and it might also be useful to have a hair dryer on hand. Dr. Russak suggests setting up in a well-lit room with a hair dryer, full-length mirror, and hand-held mirror. From there, she examines the skin in six distinct sections:

1. **Face & Neck**: “Start with examining the front of your face and sides of the face and neck in the mirror,” she says. 
2. **Scalp**: Next, she recommends using a hair dryer (on the ‘cool’ setting) to blow strands out of the way and reveal the scalp.
3. **Arms & Hands**: From there, “examine your arms and hands — looking in between each finger and paying attention to the nails,” she explains. It is best to do this with bare (read: not polished) fingernails. 
4. **Front Body**: “Examine the front of the body, lifting each breast to see underneath them, too,” Dr. Russak explains.  
5. **Back Body**: Using the hand-held mirror, inspect the back of your neck, shoulders,  and upper back. Reposition the mirror to see your lower back and buttocks.
6. **Legs & Feet**: Last but not least, “make sure to inspect the back of the legs and look at the soles of the feet, in between the toes, and at the toenails,” she notes. 

Since self-examining certain parts of the body can be challenging, Dr. Jaber recommends calling in reinforcements as needed. “Looking at your back, neck, and scalp can be difficult, but it can be done by having a loved one take a look,” he says. When it comes to the scalp, don’t be shy about asking your hairstylist for help. “Anybody who goes to the hairdresser on a regular basis should always ask them if they see anything new,” Dr. Karcher says.

### **Don’t Forget To Check These Body Parts**
While following Dr. Russak’s head-to-toe technique covers a lot of ground, there are certain body parts that are often overlooked. The fingers and toes (including under the nails) can be hiding places for skin cancer, as are the bottoms of the feet. The scalp is also easy to forget, and people are encouraged to examine the genital area as well. “Make sure to be thorough when you do a self skin exam,” Dr. Jaber emphasizes.

## **What to Do If You Find a Suspicious Spot**
If you find a spot that you feel is suspicious, the directive is simple: call your dermatologist ASAP. “I always tell my patients that I would rather see them and tell them that it's nothing, instead of them waiting and letting it turn into something,” Dr. Russak shares. While at-home checks are an essential part of early detection, nothing beats an exam with a well-trained eye. “If you see a spot that looks different, has changed, stands out, isn’t healing, or is itching, burning, or bleeding, see a dermatologist,” Dr. Jaber says. “They can evaluate it in person.”

## **The Takeaway**
Performed at-home and in dermatologist offices, skin cancer screenings — quite literally — save lives, but skin cancer prevention involves a lot more than examining the skin. Practicing safe sun habits (like the ones below) is the first-line of defense:

- Use an [SPF of at least 30](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-you-need-to-know-about-sunscreen) with UVA/UVB protection daily (yes, even if it’s cloudy!)
- Reapply SPF every two hours and immediately after swimming
- Stay in the shade between 10am and 4pm
- Wear a wide-brim hat to shade your face and polarized sunglasses to protect your eyes
- Avoid indoor tanning

No matter your age or [skin tone](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types), it is important to remember that it is never too late to protect yourself from the sun and take a more proactive approach to your health and safety.

Self-exams are an important part of the skin cancer prevention process. So, how often should you be checking for changes to your skin and what is the most efficient way to do so? The AEDITION asked the experts.

How To Conduct At-Home Self Examination Skin Cancer Screenings

How To Conduct An At-Home Skin Cancer Screening

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While the concept of sun protection dates back to ancient times, the modern interpretation of sunblock was, ironically, born out of sunburns. In the 1930s, a group of innovators scattered around the globe were working to find a cure for burns — little did they know that their efforts would come to prevent them all together and combat skin cancer. 

In Australia, chemist H.A. Milton Blake (creator of sunscreen maker [Hamilton](https://www.hamiltonsunandskin.com.au/)) started developing a formula in the early 1930s, and L'Oréal-founder Eugene Schueller developed a sun care product of his own in 1936. But that’s not all. In 1938, Swiss chemistry student Franz Greiter developed a concoction known as [Gletscher Crème](https://www.pizbuin.com/en/index.php/) (a.k.a. Glacier Cream) after suffering a bad burn during a climb up Piz Buin peak. Not long after, American airman and pharmacist Benjamin Green patented a cream to aid soldiers fighting in World War II that was bought, reformulated, and distributed by Coppertone.  

When it came to consistency, the originals were thick, oily, and oftentimes low in protection – Greiter’s cream had a sun protection factor (read: SPF) of just two. But, with time, sunscreen formulations evolved into the lightweight and absorbent compositions we have today. [Modern-day sunscreens](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-most-innovative-sunscreens-for-summer), sunblocks, and sun care products are lightyears ahead of their predecessors and only getting better. The AEDITION spoke with several skincare experts to understand the advancements and how to best keep yourself protected. 

## **Sun Protection in the Modern Age**
Despite the terms being used interchangeably, [sunscreen and sunblock](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-you-need-to-know-about-sunscreen) are different in their chemical makeup and abilities — though both have a similar modus operandi: skin protection. Sunblock quite literally blocks UV rays from absorbing into the skin, while sunscreen absorbs the rays. When he created the concept of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in 1962, Greiter wanted to solidify a standardized scale that could be used to quantify the strength of sun protection products. Needless to say, it is still in use today. 

Wander down the sun care aisle in the drug store, and you’ll see that today’s products have SPF that goes up to 100 and higher. So, what number SPF should you reach for? “I recommend a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher,” says [Julie Russak, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/julie-russak-md-4645), a New York City-based board certified dermatologist. “Make sure you're applying a liberal, even amount and reapplying every two hours.”

Finding the right sun protection product for your routine means understanding the necessary care for your skin type. No matter where you fall on the [Fitzpatrick scale](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-fitzpatrick-skin-types), it is important to note that no skin type is immune to sun damage or skin cancer. In an effort to increase compliance (a [recent study from the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)](https://www.aad.org/news/2020-04-28-sun-protection-important-survey) found that while 76 percent of Americans agreed sunscreen was important, only 40 percent where it regularly), brands have gotten increasingly innovative with their formulas. Below are three such examples: 

### **1. Sun Care Meets Skincare**
When you consider that skin cancer is the [most common form of cancer in the United States](https://www.aad.org/media/stats-skin-cancer), it should come as no surprise that the market is full of sun protection options. From sunscreen-infused lip balms and eye shadows to UV-fighting hair products, brands like [Coola](https://coola.com/collections/prime-set-tint/products/face-spf-30-organic-makeup-setting-sunscreen-spray), [Sachajuan](https://sachajuan.com/product/hair-in-the-sun/), and [Supergoop!](https://supergoop.com/collections/makeup) (to name a few) are offering high-tech formulas with sun protective agents. 

Hybrid products have also become increasingly popular. “In addition to advanced antioxidants which help neutralize free radicals, we are big fans of ingredients that help to stimulate collagen and elastin,” explains Patricia Boland, vice president of research and development at [Colorescience](https://www.colorescience.com/). Actives like peptides do just that, and the brand also includes ingredients that calm inflammation, hydrate, and help strengthen the skin barrier.

Sun care brand [Love Sun Body](https://lovesunbody.com/) developed its forthcoming 100 percent Natural Origin Moisturizing Mineral Face Sunscreen with SPF 30 to double as a moisturizer. “Many sunscreens are very drying, and some people might have areas of the skin that need additional moisturization,” says Love Sun Body founder Dr. Terry Zickerman. For products to dry down quickly, drying agents are added — creating an adverse effect on the skin. In this case, the lightweight formula hydrates the skin, but also wears well under makeup and is safe for the eye area. 

### **2. Improved Ingredients**
Countless studies and years of research show that sun protection is the biggest factor in both preventing skin cancer and [slowing down the visible signs of aging](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage). As it relates to physical (a.k.a. mineral) sunscreen formulas, “zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are active mineral compounds to physically block both UVA and UVB,” Dr. Russak says. When choosing between the two, zinc oxide, she explains, “is more effective at blocking both long and short UVA rays and has antioxidant and healing properties.” Mineral formulas have become less chalky and more absorbent, but know that they still may require a bit more work to rub in.

Chemical sunscreens ingredients, meanwhile, are [under increased scrutiny](https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-brief/fda-brief-fda-announces-results-second-sunscreen-absorption-study) over their safety, and customers are taking notice. “We’ve found that people are educated in the harms of sun rays but what stops them is the ingredients list,” Dr. Zickerman says. “People might question sunscreen as a deterrent because of past FDA studies and the uncertainties in the ingredients, but we’ve made a natural product with traceable ingredients.” 

By attaining the [Ecocert Cosmos Natural](https://lovesunbody.com/pages/cosmos-natural) certification, Love Sun Body can guarantee their products are 100 percent natural and produced in an environmentally friendly way. “Everything comes back to traceability. Every ingredient that goes on the assembly line cannot have GMOs, phthalates, parabens, or any of those ingredients that are banned,” Dr. Zickerman explains. “To attain this certification, every part of the production is audited once a year. Even the packaging has to be biodegradable.” 

### **3. A Sunkissed Glow Sans Sun**
Another factor that prevents wearers from being proactive with their sun care routine is the desire to enjoy a sunkissed glow as soon as the weather permits. To counteract this, brands like Colorescience have figured out ways to offer wearers protection *and* glow. Some of their newer products, including the [Sunforgettable Total Protection Face Shield Bronze SPF 50](https://www.colorescience.com/products/sunforgettable-total-protection-face-shield-bronze-spf-50), combine a temporary self tan with SPF for instant radiance. And that color boost actually comes with additional benefits.  “We love iron oxides — which we have long used for imparting color to a product instead of dyes — for their therapeutic benefit in protecting skin from blue light,” Boland notes. 

## **Additional Sun Protection**
While we’ve come a long way since the days of baby oil, foil plates, and tanning beds to expedite the tanning process, it’s important to remember that regular clothing fabrics do not substitute for an SPF product. Dr. Russak explains that all skin needs to be protected — even under swimsuits. “Swimwear might shift throughout the day and leave once-covered areas exposed.” Unless otherwise indicated, swimwear does not protect the sensitive skin it covers.

To address this issue, brands like [Mott50](https://mott50.com/) and [Hermoza](https://thehermoza.com/) have developed bathing suits, hats, and clothing that have a skin-protecting ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). As Hermoza co-founder Marisa De Lecce explains, her brand’s luxury swimwear is made of “advanced, recycled fabrics that offer dense coverage and provide the comfort of UPF 50+ sun protection.” The garments are also able to withstand chlorine and abrasions. Hermoza utilizes a VITA fabric by Carvico® to guarantee “effective UV transmission is less than two and a half percent when exposed to both UVA and UVB light,” De Lecce says. 

## **The Takeaway** 
With the large variety of sun protective products on the market, there’s no excuse to not cover up all day every day (i.e. not just when you’re headed to the beach). Even after you’ve applied sunscreen, the skin is still susceptible to damaging UV rays, so it is important to diligently reapply every two hours. UPF clothing, meanwhile, can offer an additional layer of protection. Formulas that are good for the skin, cosmetically elegant, and offer superior sun protection go a long way towards getting people to practice safe sun and, in the process, prevent skin cancer.

Sun protection products have come a long way since they first originated in the 1930s, and now there are more options than ever. From head to toe, here’s what you need to know about keeping your skin safe from the sun. 