Nipple Shape & Size

What is the function and anatomy of the areola and nipple?

The nipple and areola are a prominent feature of breast anatomy. The areola is the hyperpigmented (darker) area around the nipple. The bumps on the areola can be hair follicles or Montgomery glands which provide lubrication for breastfeeding. The nipple protrudes from the areola and contains mammary ducts (milk ducts) which connect into the mammary glands within the breast. In both men and women, the tissue composing the nipple is highly sensitive.

Female Breast Anatomy

What causes variations in the size and shape of the areola and nipple?

Breast, nipple, and areola size/shape and overall appearance are primarily determined by genetics. A pregnant female will experience natural breast changes like increases in size, tenderness and “lumpiness”. As we age, nipples will begin to point downward and the areola may begin to become more elongated appearing secondary to changes in breast tissue.

What are the main cosmetic concerns related to the nipple?

Large versus small nipples are typically judged relative to both areola size and breast size. A 2009 study showed the average female nipple was 1.3 centimeters in diameter. There is an extensive variety in nipple size across both the male and female population.

Inverted nipples exist when the nipple does not protrude away from the areola as typically expected. This can not only cause aesthetic concerns. but also affect function.

Areola size is mostly a matter of perception. The relative size of the areola to the breast tissue and it’s position on the breast can cause aesthetic concerns. A study determined the average female areola was 4 centimeters in diameter.

Who may wish to alter the size and shape of their areola or nipple?

As with most all cosmetic procedures, the decision to pursue alterations to appearance is personal. If nipple/areola appearance is affecting self esteem or causing needless concern, a consultation with a plastic surgeon can be the first step in creating the ideal appearance. Women who plan to breastfeed should discuss this with a plastic surgeon prior to pursuing a nipple surgery to ensure function is preserved.

How can someone change the size and shape of their areola or nipple?

The majority of corrective nipple surgeries are comparatively less invasive with lower recovery times. A conversation with a plastic surgeon can help to determine which nipple correction or areola correction is most appropriate for a specific concern.

• For Large Nipples: Nipple Reduction involves removing excess tissue to decrease the overall size/shape of the nipple.
• For Small Nipples: Nipple Augmentation utilizes injections to enhance nipple protrusion.
• For Inverted Nipples: Inverted Nipple Correction involves surgically repositioning the nipple in a protruding position.
• For Large Areola: Areola Reduction can affect areola size and position through strategic removal of areola tissue.

For a deeper dive into the treatment options outlined above, check out our complete guide to Nipple Correction Solutions.